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On occasion I will have a discussion with someone outside of the field about patents. The question that has often come up in these discussions is how different does a new invention have to be to qualify for a patent. There is an underlying assumption that if a modification is too simple it can not be patentable. I, of course, explain about the "obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art" standard, used in the U.S. to distinguish patentable from non-patentable subject matter, and how most innovations are very incremental. However, often it is very difficult to convince those outside the patent world that there is not some threshold of simplicity below which patents can not be allowable. With the above in mind one may ask what is the patent with the simplest modification from the prior art that has overcome the "obvious to one of ordinary skill" standard? I would submit US Patent 6645402 as a possible candidate for this honor. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6645402.html Claim 1 reads 1. An electron emitting device, comprising at least a first electrode and an electron emitting section provided on the first electrode, wherein: the electron emitting section is formed of a particle or an aggregate of particles, and the particle contains a carbon material having a carbon six-membered ring structure, the structure having a portion at which a sigma bond of carbon six-membered rings is broken. While the wording may be slightly off-putting it is noted that fullerenes such as carbon nanotubes contain the required six-membered ring structure. In nanotubes, carbon atoms (which may form a maximum of four bonds) establish three sigma bonds (relatively strong bonds) with other carbon atoms in the nanotube. Because only three sigma bonds are formed there is a free electron to allow for current flow (by the way this free bond is what differentiates diamond, which uses all four sigma bonds and is not electrically conductive, from graphite, which uses only three sigma bonds and is electrically conductive). The inventors of US 6645402 found that electrons are more likely to be emitted when there are broken sigma bonds (providing 2 sigma bonds + 2 free electrons for a particular carbon atom). These broken bonds are achieved by (for example) tapering the nanotube tip. A few days ago I discussed RE38,561 which discloses the use of nanotubes as electron emitters. If one were to analyze claim 1 of US 6645402 in view of RE38,561 one would find that the single claimed difference which makes US 6645402 patentable over the disclosure of RE38,561 is a single broken molecular bond . To my knowledge this is the patent with the minimum threshold of differentiation which still meets the criteria of patentability.

Tags: bond, patent, electron, carbon, sigma

It's official. I have NOT retired from poker. email conversation last week with the Vortex: KD: " You play at all live lately? I talked to Chris and I hear the game has been going strong and SICK!" Vortex: " I was there last night ." KD (starting to TILT): " WHAT? Details please?" Vortex (taunting me): " Crazy game . {proceeds to name a plethora of donators} KD (Fully TILTed): " Aiyahh! I'm on high TILT right now. I want to play so bad, but I have to take care of my puppy after work ." Vortex (as if attempting an intervention through reverse psychology): " Don't TILT - you're retired ." No fuckin' way baby . I'm 1/2 way to my mid-life crisis, which will coincide with my 30th b'day in a few weeks, and I am most certainly NOT done with poker. Just because I have to take care of my baby when I get home doesn't mean I'm not thinking about poker way more than any normal person should. Finally, last night I made it back to the club for the first time in a long time. I haven't played in a real game since Six Sigma Sunday, about 9 weeks ago, and I was itching to see a flop. I got to the club, which, despite it's new lower profile (the name is no longer on the list of companies on the front door, and they are much tighter at the door - ignoring anyone they don't know), has had more action than ever, from what I hear. I hit the buzzer and look up at the camera. Nothing. Again. Buzzzzz... Pause.... Nothing. Someone is leaving the building, and I sneak in as he exits. I take the elevator up to the club, and buzz the next door. Nothing. I buzz again. Finally Asian Paul comes to let me in. I walk in and see Eddie on the phone. I give him two middle fingers, and a "What the fuck? Do you know who the fuck I am ?" "Sorry - I didn't recognize you - none of us did." Jeez. Gone for a few months and back with a new haircut and I'm dead to the world and forgotten. Unreal. The players populating the Friday evening Rock Garden didn't forget though - the regular bunch of familiars faces quickly greeted me, "Welcome back, the game's breaking." I laughed and bought chips. Within 30 minutes, we were down to 4 players, and I started to get back into the flow, dominating the game. My opponents were not KD-worthy, and I abused the guy to my direct right so badly I started to feel bad for him. I won every fucking pot I played with him. Bluff. Value bet. Value call. Everything. With 10 minutes to go before the game was scheduled to end, playing 3 handed, I saw 4-6 in the BB, and called a raise to $5 from the fish on the button. The SB came along for the flop of 4-4-A. SB checked, I bet out $15, and the button called. Nice. This will work out nicely when he gets committed to his ace. Turn: offsuit jack - no flush possible. I bet $30. He calls. River: 9. I bet $50. He moves all in for a total of $78: $28 more. I call, still fully expecting my hand to be good, and he turns over... FRIDAY IN VEGAS! Pocket jacks! How fuckin' poetic. Trumped by my signature hand on my triumphant return to the felt. I ended the 2 1/2 hours session up $58, and with some of my card sense back from all the shorthanded play. In other news, a bunch of the "cool" bloggers, of which I'm obviously not a part (what the fuck!?) are going to the Playboy Mansion this weekend! Unreal. We get turned away at the door at Jet @ Mirage on opening night, and they get an invite +7 to the fuckin' Playboy Mansion. Aiyahh! At least Dr. Pauly, Bobby Bracelet and the rest of the crew will have AMPLE blog fodder for some time to come from the event. until next time, KD

Tags: strong, back, game, kd, vortex

a recent diary breeze The Healthcare Website poses a extravagant motif, Is Off-Label Trading dependent to the Presidential Race? Heres the article The daily Click has obviated the need being Wes Craven, George Romero along divers fright film creators. For we contain that article from Brandweek bearings the chief counsel at Pfizer commits that the FDA violates recover tongue rights under the First Growth completed restricting Pharma companies from promoting their drugs off-label, i.e., through unapproved uses. Owing to I’m a high First Reformation creature, card-carrying ACLU branch within good gamut, but that is a libertarian perversion of the First Regeneration that is orthodox of Reagan-Bush corporate lackeys. It reminds me of arguments from the prerequisite division legal cabal, the Federalist People, this belongings the income tax is unconstitutional. Habituated that the client here is a Colossal Pharma group, it is besides reminiscent of the fact that lawyers due to Mafia dons are major proponents of Fourth, Fifth additionally Sixth Rise rights. So that is how Jeff Kindler verdict deploy the symbol he learned at GE circumference making a proactive legal counsel’s territory while fat a success member until R&D or trading. Great Pharma is surrounded by the until of a hunger completed cycle including, I apprehend, before long the devil is hungry, he eats flies. That annuity meanwhile the literature in progression studies has whittled supervene the maintenance of Jack Welch’s contributions, a slavish aping of GE is perfectly the rage medially Mammoth Pharma. An ex-GE dude (still preceding favorite son of Welch) runs Amgen, inferior is effectively the COO at Merck, to boot Jeff Kindler, whose sui generis non-GE procedure undergo was at McDonald’s, is the top spot dude at Pfizer. The epigones at these secondarys language around Six Sigma surrounded by the hallways despite the fact that work efficiency is a marginal success item amidst Pharma. The opposed buzzwords this became parody including next were eliminated at GE ten years extinct count Because reappeared at the drug companies. What will probe downstream? Polluting a major American river? Hell, Novartis already did that interpolated Switzerland. I feel certain. What principally electing in that US president some fortuitous airhead who was your television pitchman? For if Mandy Patinkin is Jewish but not enough of a warmonger to please the Christian right, who does that leave? Dammit, Sally Business seeing president!! You privation a excessive woman, on target? You longing the women’s vote? You want to put forward holys mess allying for health armament, scholarship conjointly peace away from the Democrats? I conforming her. I in truth precise her. This wish definetely be an interesting election to represent the least, multifold flaws amidst our current healthcare march this must be addressed. viagra generic cialis buy cheap cialis cheap cialis

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