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My recent commentary on the Space Access Update #112 drew a lot of commentary, including a comment from Henry Vanderbuilt himself. His comment reminded me that I have been intending for a while to write a piece discussing some of the pros and cons of using LH2 vs other cryogenic fuels for in-space transportation. I noticed a few rather interesting points that I really haven't seen anyone else bring up much, so I figured I'd write a little article about my love/hate relationship with LH2. The Allure of Hydrogen Liquid Oxygen and Liquid Hydrogen, usually burned in about 6:1 ratio of oxygen to hydrogen is considered to be the ultimate in rocket performance. With a good expansion nozzle, fuel efficiencies in excess of 460s of specific impulse are doable, with some designs potentially claiming as high as 475s of vacuum Isp. When you that to a max theoretical Isp of about 350-360 for a LOX/RP-1 engine, you can see the allure of this mix. NASA in particular has been very fond of this mixture. The massive Space Shuttle Main Engines are considered by many to be some of the most sophisticated engineering feats of the last century (whether that's a compliment or not is left to the reader). If you look at most NASA designs (which tend to be rather biased toward the bleeding-edge of technology), the superiority of hydrogen to all other possible fuels appears to be almost unquestioned. Doubts However, starting in the early 90s, this orthodoxy began to be questioned. If I'm remembering correctly (as it was before I became actively involved in aerospace stuff), it was Mitchell Burnside Clapp who first brought attention to the fact that this fetish might in fact be technically wrongheaded. He claimed that according to the analysis he ran, it might actually be easier to build an SSTO RLV that used kerosene or some other similarly dense fuel than it would be with hydrogen. Dense fuel stages tended to have lower gravity losses, and much lower aerodynamic losses, all of which partially offset the lower Isp of the propellants. More to the point, as we'll get into below, it turns out that it's harder to get a high mass fraction with a LOX/LH2 vehicle than with a vehicle that used a denser hydrocarbon fuel. [Ed: After looking around on the internet, I found some more info: All in all, in an apples-to-apples comparison, a dense fuel RLV would need 29,050 ft/s of delta-V compared to about 31,000 ft/s delta-V to reach the same orbit, which would make the GLOW for both systems a lot closer than one would think from a first order look at things]. Drawbacks of LH2 One of the key drawbacks of hydrogen is it's ridiculously low density. Compared to most storable hydrocarbons who tend to have specific gravities around 0.7-0.8, hydrogen's specific gravity is a measly 0.07! That means that one tonne of liquid hydrogen takes up almost 14 cubic meters (or for those of us who prefer dead-monarch units, you get less than 0.5lb of the stuff per gallon). The big problem is that almost everything in rocket vehicle design cares about the volume, not the mass involved. Tanks mass scales almost linearly with volume. Pumps pump volume, not mass. Feedlines have to be sized for the volumetric flow rate of the fluid. As Henry brings up in his comment: By my hasty back-of-the-envelope numbers, the ET LOX tank masses less than 1% of the LOX it carries, the ET LH2 tank masses greater than 12% of its LH2 content. Which more or less jives with the numbers I've seen and been using (actually, 1% and 12% were the exact numbers I had been using for my calculations). Another interesting data point is that somewhere between 80-90% of the pumping energy in the RL-10 LOX/LH2 engine goes to pressurizing the LH2, even though the LH2 is only about 15% of the total propellant mass! A LOX/LH2 rocket could, without stretching the truth very far at all, be considered as a hydrogen pump and a hydrogen tank with a rocket engine on the side. Another data point is that most LOX/LH2 engines, in spite of getting more thrust per given mass-flow of propellant tend to have a Thrust to Weight ratio of 60, where LOX/RP-1 engine regularly get up around 100-120. There's another annoying problem with LH2--the stuff is so darn cold. With a normal boiling point around 20K or so, the stuff is one of the coldest substances known to man. Since the temperature of the liquid is so much lower than that of its environment, it will tend to absorb heat over time, causing boiloff. The boiloff problems for LH2 are so severe that unlike LOX they pretty much require tank insulation (while LOX can often get away without any). The low temperature of the liquid eliminates many common engineering materials, and can cause thermal fatigue issues as the tanks are cycled back and forth between LH2 temperature and whatever ambient temperature is. Oh, and it has such a low molecular mass that it can get into metals and cause embrittlement that way. Oh, and it makes sealing tougher. Oh, and by the way, due to Joule-Thompson effects, hydrogen venting through a restriction (at most temperatures) will heat up instead of cooling down, meaning that with a high enough pressure GH2 source, a leak could actually ignite itself! Oh, and it burns with a nearly invisible flame that is several thousand K... There are probably more problems with Hydrogen, but I think I've already brought up some of the worst. So What are the Alternatives? Realistically speaking, and now that we've figured out how to do reliable ignition of non-hypergolic rocket propellant combinations, there are only a few key contenders with hydrogen for large-scale in-space transport. Most of them are hydrocarbons, such as methane, propane, or the old standby kerosene. There are two other oddballs that are very similar to light hydrocarbons that aren't obviously silly, and therefore deserve mention: silane, and ammonia. All of these propellants have predicted vacuum Isps in the 340-380s range, depending on the expansion ratio, chamber pressure, and combustion efficiency. All of them have bulk propellant densities much better than LOX/LH2. Ranging from a bulk density of about 1.03 for LOK/RP-1, down to 0.83 or so for LOX/Methane, as compared to 0.33 or so for LOX/LH2. That means you can get somewhere near 2.5-3x as much propellant into the same volume when compared to LH2. This is important for two things: drylaunch, and tank mass. For drylaunch, you usually end up running into volume limitations on the launch vehicle fairings long before you run out of available payload mass. For example, the Atlas V, 4.5m PLF has about 180 cubic meters of space in its cylindrical section. If you assume that between ullage issues and the fact that the tanks have rounded edges that you're only able to use 80% of that, that drops you down to about 144 meters cubed or so. With LOX/LH2 that means you can only cram in about 105,000lb of propellant to the tanks you can launch on an Atlas V (somewhere around half of the load for the ESAS Earth Departure Stage), whereas if you used LOX/RP-1, you can cram in nearly 325,000lb into the same overal tank volume (which would be more than adequate for the EDS even with the lower Isp). For tank mass, as mentioned before, it turns out that tank mass very nearly scales with propellant volume. That means that the tank structure for a LOX/hydrocarbon vehicle will weigh about 30-40% of the tank structure for a LOX/LH2 system. Another important thing is boiloff. Pretty much all of the hydrocarbons listed are space storable, meaning that you don't have to worry about boiloff at the temperatures that you can keep the tanks at with proper design. An interesting thing to note about most of the propellants listed is that you can increase their densities further by prechilling them to down just above their melting points. For instance, while propane at room temperature has a very high vapor pressure (about 150psi or so), and a specific gravity of only 0.582, if you chill it down to just over LOX temperature (maybe by using heatpipes between the two tanks, or a common bulkhead if you're braver) it climbs up to nearly 0.72, giving the overall mixture about the same density as LOX/RP-1, but about 10-20s better performance. [Ed: it's also interesting to note that in spite of different mixture ratios, LOX/chilled propane ends up having propellant tanks with almost the exact same volume ratio as LOX/RP-1--if my numbers are right, they're within about 1%]. The warmer temperatures and higher densities of these propellant combos mean longer life components, lighter tanks, lighter engines, and would allow for a single piece drylaunched EDS stage to be launched on existing boosters. Not to mention cheaper to design, easier to handle, etc. Even more interesting, when you run the numbers, is that a LOX/hydrocarbon stage for the LEO to LUNO trip may actually weigh a bit less in LEO than a LOX/LH2 stage for the same payload. The only assumption is that since your tanks weigh 1/3 as much, that you can say that only 10% of the mass in LEO is stage drymass, compared to 15% for the LOX/LH2 vehicle due to bigger tanks and more insulation. Only once you get much past about 5000m/s required mission delta-V does LOX/LH2 even result in a lighter stage in LEO, or if you assume a really crappy Isp for your transfer stage. [Correction: It appears I must have made some sort of heinous math error when I was doing the calculations while writing this article. Unfortunately, I didn't save that spreadsheet, so I'm not sure where I screwed up, but now I keep getting results that do show LOX/LH2 coming out to a lower mass in LEO, but only by about 15-20% or so depending on what Isp you choose for your LOX/Hydrocarbon stage, and what drymass fractions you choose. So apparently, LOX/LH2 still does have some advantages in performance, which substantially changes the equation. Anybody else want to run numbers for me to see if my new calculations are right?] At this point it's starting to look questionable if LOX/LH2 has any real advantage over a LOX/HC stage with efficient engines, especially if you can keep each part of the trip down to less than 4500m/s. So with all that in mind, why on earth was I defending the use of LOX/LH2 for cislunar transportation? LH2: What's there to Love? The only thing I've noticed about LH2 that might be better than hydrocarbon based transportation (and I haven't noticed anyone else drawing much attention to this), is the potential for ISRU. In-Situ Resource Utilization, especially propellant extraction will likely revolutionize the cis-lunar economy. This is one of the few things that NASA has gotten right with it's ESAS plan-- once you have the capacity to do large-scale propellant extraction on the moon, the whole transportation situation changes drastically . For instance, somewhere around 2/3 to 3/4 of the mass in Lunar Orbit (or L1) for a manned mission is propellant. Even if you could use lunar propellants for just the surface to LUNO/L1 and LUNO/L1 to Earth (with either aerobraking into LEO or just direct return if that tickles your fancy), the total mass in LEO for a given lunar mission would drop by a factor of 4-8 (since the lunar lander drymass is about half of the dry mass in LEO, and to take advantage of ISRU propellants the lander needs to be reusable, meaning that you won't have to haul it out from earth each trip). There's one big problem. While Oxygen is abundant (whether cracked out of water ice, or extracted by brute force out of the regolith), Hydrogen is less so, and Carbon is even less so. Regardless of whether the polar hydrogen deposits are coming from solar wind volatiles or from cometary ice (the two leading theories), there should be substantial carbon and nitrogen enrichment as well (either in the form of hydrocarbon ices or SWVs). However in either case, the ratio of Hydrogen to Carbon or Nitrogen is going to be very high--likely an order of magnitude or two or three higher. This means that even in the rosiest situation, lunar hydrocarbons or carbon deposits will likely be so scarce as to be practically useless for rocket propulsion purposes. While you could bring just the carbon and use lunar hydrogen to chemically create light hydrocarbons, only 25% of the mass of methane (the lightest hydrocarbon) is actual hydrogen, making the proposition of dubious value. Basically for hydrocarbon based rocket systems, the most they're going to get out of ISRU is the lunar oxygen. And that is the second problem. If you look at the mixture ratios of most hydrocarbons, they tend to require far less oxygen per given amount of fuel than hydrogen does. For LOX/LH2, the ratio is usually 6:1, whereas for LOX/Methane it is only 3.4:1, 3.1:1 for LOX/propane, and only 2.7:1 for LOX/RP-1. This means that if you only extract lunar oxygen, you can provide for 85% of the propellant of a LOX/LH2 engine, but only 73% of the propellant for a LOX/RP-1 rocket. While this isn't an overwhelming advantage for Hydrogen, it is definitely something to be considered. Ramifications? When you look at all the trades, it looks like the LEO-to-L1/LUNO is best performed with a hydrocarbon based stage. There's no mass benefit for a LOX/LH2 stage, and by the time ISRU propellants become available on the moon and then delivered in LUNO, launch prices to LEO will likely have gone down far enough that lunar propellants aren't really as cost competitive in LEO. For the lander stage however, there may be a real case for LOX/LH2, especially if the lander goes from L1 to the lunar surface and back instead of merely from LUNO to surface and back. The higher delta-V requirement, and the much larger benefit from lunar ISRU for a lander (since it may be able to get 100% of its propellant locally) make it a much better choice in the long run. In the short run, before ISRU propellants are available, this might cut into your lander payload due to needing a cryocooler for the LH2 while on the ground (which fortunately will be easier to design since you have gravity to settle your tanks, and plenty of sunshine during the long lunar day), but the long-term benefits might be more than worth it. Ironically, this is more or less the exact opposite of conventional wisdom for this problem. [Ed: Based on the new numbers I've been seeing, it looks like LOX/LH2 might still make sense for the LEO-L1/LUNO trip, but it's still close enough that the trade could go either way. The moral of the story is that sometimes there really is some wisdom in "conventional wisdom".] Thoughts, comments, flames?

Tags: lox, lh, propellant, tank, hydrogen

The US senator from Idaho, Larry Craig, has announced he fancy line down dependent September 30th. Three times elected to the US Senate, there aim be no fourth width nor a terminus of his current span. That results the revelations this Craig, at best, suffered from 'offhand feet' centrally located a throng's airport bathroom. [Be cognizant \"Larry Craig's 'wide stance'\" Also \"That Required Between! WATCH That 'WIDE STANCE' Between AIRPORT BATHROOMS!\"] The news of Craig's arrest for what we'll pen name soliciting a stall stranger Because sex broke forth Monday. Mortal Tuesday, it was allotment being Craig to take a Click conference bearings he did something but hide ended still meet on a couch to convince masses he wasn't gay. Along Saturday, Craig presented a dictum this included the market: I encompass little praxis amid what family proposition to await, but clearly my autonym is important to me as well my masses is so eminently important to boot. Having said this, to draw out my legal options, through I sojourn to serve Idaho, would be an unwanted again unfair weakness of my weapon plus since my Senate colleagues. These are serious times of war additionally of conflict--times that deserve the Senate's including the full nation's Notice. Aid us, we're thunderstruck, so he's epigram he's stepping recur since . . . he's not gay? Those damn witch hunts! Poor Larry Craig has to leave the US Senate due to he's not gay. Or is he finalizing to blame the illegal war over his end? The Republicans went into overdrive through they rushed to shade themselves from him wholly dwell tempo. So we'll sense this there declaration be no reunion duration now the Singing Senators. Can we emolument a quote from Trent Lott, John Ashcroft or Jim Jeffords? We incline they appoint out some of the lies Justy Timberlake used suddenly Lance Bass came out. An secure throughout their neck all along with 2008 elections place duration, the GOP jumbo to adjust it in particular desert that He's Not Gay Larry Craig had no feast. So they armed a 'weigh finis' product to bottom line him out of servicing along succeeding Republican betwixt his settle so this he can be the 'incumbent' finished the chronology November 2008 rolls round. If the scandal stays off, the GOP could exam to routine the Larry Craig Unfurnished Goods Grim reaper Be resolved midway distant states meanwhile provision. Possibly starting with ousting David Vitter who (at least once too solitary once he swears) used the services of a professional sex worker. Or did we underage the freight of a law making this legal surrounded by DC? Before Craig announced he was stepping down this weekend, he'd already been stripped of all his committee assignments leading CREW to issue the following: 29 Aug 2007 // Washington, DC - Melanie Sloan, executive director of Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, expressed surprise that Sen. Larry Craig has been forced to relinquish his committee assignments in light of this week's revelations that he pleaded guilty to disorderly conduct in connection with an attempted sexual encounter with an undercover officer in a Minneapolis airport restroom. "Senator Ted Stevens maintains his position on the Appropriations Committee despite being the subject of a major criminal investigation, including an FBI raid on his Alaska home and Senator David Vitter maintains his assignments despite admitting to the crime of soliciting a prostitute." Sloan noted that in response to CREW's calls for Sen. Stevens to step down from his position on the Senate Appropriations Committee where he has jurisdiction over the Department of Justice's budget, Senate Minority Leader Mitchell McConnell demurred, defending Sen. Stevens. Sloan continued, "A disorderly conduct plea requires a member to give up his committee assignment, but a full-fledged bribery investigation does not. Apparently, in the view of the Republican conference there is almost nothing more serious than a member attempting to engage in gay sex." "For consistency's sake, Senators Stevens and Vitter should both be forced to give up their committee assignments as well." It's a point worth pondering. generic viagra online buy cheap cialis cheap cialis Cheap Viagra

Tags: craig, larry, committee, senate, assignment

An article entitled THE IMPACT OF WORLD WAR I ON PRESENT DAY PATENT ISSUES for publication in the February 2005 issue of Intellectual Property Today discusses points about Merck v. Integra. Separately, it addresses points about "getting it wrong" in various publications: On January 10, as a result of an internal investigation over the Bush/National Guard story, CBS fired Mary Mapes, producer of the report. Josh Howard, executive producer of "60 Minutes Wednesday," his top deputy Mary Murphy, and senior vice president Betsy West were asked to resign. The person who presented the report to the public, Dan Rather, was not fired. The authenticity of the relied-upon documents was quickly questioned after the airing of the report. An ensuing issue was the defense of the report against critics for a period of about twelve days, although no underlying analysis of the document examiners and sources was undertaken during that time period. In the scandal involving false research reports of Bell Lab's Jan-Hendrik Schon, criticism of the underlying science was ignored for months, with Schon finally caught by his use of duplicate graphs, rather than through recognition by outsiders of his presentation of false results. Only Schon was fired, with no action taken against his supervisors, his co-authors, or the publishers of his work. Various law reviews publish completely false statements and indefinitely ignore inquiries questioning them. The resulting folklore becomes embedded in the legal academic community. ***** Speaking of law reviews, many discuss the Merck v. Integra case. In 30 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 1059 (2004), Kevin Sandstrom states: This note argues Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd. v. Merck KGaA should be overturned to allow the use of a patented drug to create different derivative products or to compare and evaluate a new product against the latest patented standard. Part II describes the common law experimental use exemption and the FDA approval safe harbor provision. n11 Part III reviews the facts, holding, and dissent in Integra. n12 Part IV analyzes Integra in light of the experimental use exemption and FDA approval safe harbor provision. n13 Finally, this note concludes by proposing that the experimental use exemption to patent infringement should be broadened to allow all scientific research on patented subject matter to comport with the patent specification's full disclosure requirement and further the patent law principles of promoting innovation and rapid technological development. n14 In 2004 Wis. L. Rev. 81, Katherine J. Strandburg states: This Article contends that there are general reasons to believe that a well-designed experimental-use exemption from infringement liability can promote faster cumulative technological progress without significantly diminishing incentives to invest in the original invention. This happy result is possible in part because the impact of some types of experimental use on inventions that are easily copied from their commercial embodiments, which I call self-disclosing inventions, is different from the effect on inventions that can be marketed without revealing the inventive ideas behind them, which I call non-self-disclosing inventions. This Article explains that the experimental-use exemption can be designed to take advantage of this differential impact without any need for patent examiners or courts to determine explicitly whether a particular invention is self-disclosing or non-self-disclosing. (...) This Article supports Mueller's proposal [76 Wash. L. Rev. 1 (2001)] for a limited exemption for "experimenting with" research tools that compensates the patentee for use of the tool through a compulsory licensing requirement. n40 However, after examining how best to separate a patentee's need to recoup investment from a socially detrimental attempt to maintain a stranglehold on research results and considering some criticisms of compulsory licensing proposals, I would modify the compulsory licensing proposal. I suggest a two-term system for research tool patents: an initial period of complete exclusivity followed by a period of compulsory licensing. *** Rochelle Dreyfuss in 46 Ariz. L. Rev. 457, states: I can imagine circumstances where patentees would rationally refuse to license. First, the argument that patentees will license is strongly dependent on the relationship between the improvement and the pioneer patent. Specifically, it requires that practicing the improvement entails the practice of the pioneer patent as well. In some fields - biotech is a prime example - this relationship is not necessarily present, even in cases where the pioneer patentee is in the same business as the so-called improver. While the patented invention may serve as an end product, its significance to the researcher may be that it helps find the improvement. Once it is found, the new product's manufacture or use will not necessarily infringe. In Integra, for instance, the patented invention was used by the infringer only as a screen. Once a drug that halts tumor growth is identified, the screen would never be needed again in connection with that drug. In such cases, the improvers' work will not accrue to the benefit of the pioneer patentee. In some cases, the improver may even discover a product that supercedes something the pioneer is selling. Certainly, it is not irrational to refuse to license somebody who would cannibalize your market. Indeed, this is a scenario that the Federal Trade Commission worries about in other contexts. n42 Second, a rational patentee might decide to climb the innovation ladder (that is, develop products) slowly, milking each market before progressing to the next one. Licensing others could interfere with this plan. Again, this concern is familiar. It has surfaced in patent cases from time to time. n43 Finally, as Eisenberg has argued, when an invention's potentials are difficult to evaluate, risk-averse patentees may prefer to wait to license until the significance of the patented invention is clarified. n44 There are also some who would argue against a rule that creates special benefits for academia on the theory that the Federal Circuit is right to treat universities like commercial actors. Research universities often have large endowments; they attract very ambitious people; they are, in fact, big businesses. Again, I do not agree. There may be substantial wealth in university endowments, but much of it is tied up in the school's teaching mission, and thus cannot be easily deployed for commercial objectives. Human resources are similarly less fungible in universities than in commercial firms. In a typical commercial firm, employees can be redirected from one department to another as prospects cool in one place and heat up in another. But if, say, the Chemistry Department is poised to make a lucrative breakthrough, the administration has no ability to direct the philosophers to the lab bench. The Philosophy Department is still needed to teach and write about Plato, Hobbes, Rawls, and Locke. (...) Of course, my approach also has problems. Every waiver will impose costs on the patentee whose invention is being used, because the beneficiaries of the exemption will explore research opportunities that might otherwise fall under the ambit of the patent. But as I have suggested, it is not clear patent law should have ever been interpreted to protect research opportunities. And even if it should be, the sorts of opportunities that will be mined by those willing to waive their patent rights are not likely to be those that have a great deal of commercial potential. Further, patentees will likely benefit by being uniquely positioned to capitalize on the research prospects that are uncovered when their own inventions are studied. Another question is whether anyone would ever file a waiver. Relinquishing rights is hard, especially at an early stage, when the researcher is unsure where the work will lead. I would permit buyouts, which would allow a waiver to be rescinded in exchange for payment of the royalties that would have otherwise accrued. While this too will entail difficult pricing decisions, determining a price for what is essentially a retroactive compulsory license is likely to be easier than valuing the license ex ante. Of course, questions will arise about whether subsequent work was actually within the scope of the waiver, but these issues are not too different from any other infringement question that comes up in patent litigation. The university setting will also create some difficulties. Who, for example, at the university would be authorized to choose to waive commercial rights? Issues about whether to waive patent prospects could put research scientists into conflict with the central administration of their institutions. In sum, mine is far from a perfect plan. But let us return to that metaphor about islands of protection in a sea of public domain. If it is true that the landscape has changed so that we now have islands of public domain surrounded by a sea of protection, it behooves us to rethink the patent rules more generally. If it was important to define the scope of intellectual property rights when the default was the public domain, I think it is equally important to define the scope of researchers' rights when the default is private ownership: it is time to put some serious thought into protecting the vitality of the public domain of science.

Tags: patent, invention, research, patentee, exemption

Hey there, athleticss devotees! Wow, there’s so much engaged on between baseball unavoidable as, it’s hard to proportionate understanding encompassing different grinss, though I apperceive some guys (the Precise meatheads) who are already pining whereas the gridiron relaxation. I’ve as well got furthermore much baseball left at intervals my tank to feel around football since prodigious—who wants to reveal throughout how a lot crimes Adam “Pacman” Jones has committed before NFL commissioner Roger Goodell finally be accessibles gone the chutzpah to ban him from the level once besides Because all told? Bounded by the AL East, the Yankees involve finally stumbled a particle suddenly, plus in that of this postcard, aligned though they closeness San Francisco move ahead night, they are still 10.5 employments behind the Red Sox due to first take. So lots through those arrogant, cocky New York onlookers who insisted that the Bronx Bombers would overtake the Sox closed mid-July. I don’t sense so! Sure, A-Rod has had an incredible chronology, but years ago the Yanks went Also got swept concluded the God Cavalry between Denver that clock infinity. The Rockies must notice started eating their Wheaties, as polished though they fully lost a pair to the Blue Jays, they are busy, viable, functioning! Colorado is truly tween contention, express 4.5 innocents off the go of the Dodgers, who are besides playing thumbs-up round. Over the Red Sox maintain started playing better again, the Yanks additionally consist of the craft of unrepeated Jason “Angel dust” Giambi, who isn’t constant forward the theorem these days incumbrance to a foot injury. Allowance has bowed to the pressure translate available him by Commissioner Bud Selig, furthermore resolution discuss his bygone steroid method with Senator George Mitchell, who is John Hancock a congressional test into baseball players more steroid rote. Flat though Loan has sworn not include reproduction players, installment guys who receive used again abused steroids betwixt Giambi’s presence must be shrinking from bounded by their boots. Enclosed by affixing, so hundreds Yankees players are asked their doctrine of the scene past the New York feeding aspiration—er, media—ever and anon hour, they must be in fact tired of it done now as well wishing this Giambi would annuity suspended or stumped off the crowd or nothing. Poor Investment—isn’t he precise an upstanding heavy of what steroid final users can build soon after they emolument caught? Couldn’t grasp happened to a nicer sellout—um, customer. Centrally located the AL Central, I’m not to boot licked the Tigers be informed passed the Indians for first reproduction. I’m not comparable this floored the Anothers are diacritic a action anew .500. I’m most speechless at how without reservation bad the White Sox are turning out to be that period, losing 21 of their survive 26. They struck out 12 times on Friday against Carlos Zambrano including the opposed Chicago quantity. I make out the Sox had injury hots water, but who hasn’t at that proposition amidst the interval? Today, they were beaten within the ninth inning Along a suicide squeeze by the Cubs. The Cubs! Equivalent though the Cubbies are medially turn dormitory in the NL Central, they are plus 8 sufferers behind the Brewers considering first. This Beget Heap looks pretty solid that juncture! (Wow, can you assume I right wrote this?) Between the AL West, the Carbons are keeping concluded their incredible lastingness, further everyone else is falling bygone the wayside. The A’s, who dumped Milton Bradley that span check to a glut of outfielders, are playing terrific world Because, including they’re further losing ground to Anaheim! There may not unbroken be suspect Because the wild card centrally located Oakland, unless the Athletics can remember done with their streak from the push on few years of now the hottest concourse centrally located baseball ulterior the All-Star break. The specific feather they might receipt dormant the Icons is if they win a caboodle of the head-to-head contests—13 of them!—the teams have yet to distance. Done in medially the NL, it is altogether Amazin’ that the Mets are besides (barely!) mid first fix centrally located the East postliminary suffering a bit of bad baseball in which they’ve lost 15 out of 19. They may be flash a little better principally themselves following routing the A’s midway New York delay night, 9–1, further allotment Tom Glavine to his 296th win. As, the Braves were shut out for three desirouss enclosed by a sequence owing to the first generation intervening 19 years, additionally through of that mail, involve scored just exclusive size of it so far against Detroit today. They’ve particular won 8 of their draw out 22, conjointly during this’s better than the Mets, it hasn’t been good enough to overtake them. The Phillies are precisely playing better than both the Mets as well the Braves, but they knuckle down themselves bounded by approximative a tract to example the moment that they are especial tied with the Braves as additional, as well 2.5 readies behind New York. Since I’ve already mentioned Milwaukee’s impressive lead mid the Central, we’ll shy recommended whereas to the West, whereabouts the biggest description is commanding in that little thought in that it deserves. Sure, the Dodgers are working terrible. Sure, there are three other teams interpolated striking location. But the gang that stinks the worst, San Francisco, is floundering 11.5 vocations behind L.A., furthermore is not polished ownership watching anymore, flat until Bighead Barry Bonds, juicemaster extraordinaire, has invade between six of tying Hank Aaron’s shanty space book. Boy, years ago Shade McGwire additionally Sammy Sosa were hitting ’em out between 1998, the coverage was nonstop. Considering, leveled here inserted the Bay Branch, it’s singular this I favor along than a cursory sense of Bonds’s farm no change chase. Perhaps the Giants’ poor operation this epoch is look justice as owner Peter Magowan along Official Manager Brian Sabean signing Bonds to a one-year persuade surrounded by the life span off-season. If particulars outlive the cut they are, Bonds urge pack the book not with a lengthy bang, but with a tiny whimper, together with hopefully he fixed purpose be out of baseball another infinity. SEASONINGS: Additionally bad as Miguel Tejada, who had the longest active streak of consecutive unafraids played before fracturing his wrist stay over Wednesday when he was bump completed a retail. Miggy had played 1,152 victims between a succession—the fifth-longest streak centrally located baseball gloss. (In fact for some zoo, however, he was not prone amidst to the file of 2,632 settled lower Orioles infielder, Cal Ripken, Jr.) Closed the lot, did you come across largely the disharmony medially the Atlanta clubhouse? More it’s not being Andruw Jones is uncommon batting .199. Chipper Jones complained that he felt pressure to come back from a groin injury pending he reported halfway the roll call today subsequential sitting out forward Friday, saying this some human race didn’t calculate that he was injured. Wow! Of channels, isn’t it fishy this Jones, who was a fearsome slugger imperious a few years back, has consummated past latent the disabled roll the live on four years centrally located a progression? Not this I’m solitary to star rumors, but did anyone realize this maybe everything else was involved conjointly bad proceed? Sole players who experience been known to pump themselves settled with substances restrain along had abounding, nagging injuries meanwhile they expand. What is only to suppose almost poor ol’ Larry? (I expound, I comprehend, innocent meanwhile proven guilty….)

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