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from Michael Dobbs of the Washington Post on Wed., Jan. 19, 2005: During his four years as president of Harvard University, Lawrence Summers has earned a reputation for blunt, sometimes brutal comments. He has provoked a storm of controversy by suggesting that the shortage of elite female scientists may stem in part from "innate" differences between men and women. "I felt I was going to be sick," said Nancy Hopkins, a biology professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who listened to part of Summers' speech Friday [Jan. 14] to a session on the progress of women in academia organized by the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Mass. Some other women scientists also criticized the speech, in which Summers laid out a series of possible explanations for the underrepresentation of women in the upper echelons of professional life, including time spent on child-rearing, upbringing and genetics. No transcript was made of Summers' remarks, which were extemporaneous but delivered from notes. Summers' remarks were first reported by the Boston Globe in Monday's [Jan. 17] editions. The former Treasury secretary won the support of fellow economists and others, who said that they could not understand what the fuss was about and believe Summers presented ideas that were a legitimate topic for debate. "I left with a sense of elation at his ideas," said Claudia Goldin, a Harvard economics professor who also attended the speech. "I was proud that the president of my university retains the inquisitiveness of an academic." **** from Eileen McNamara of the Boston Globe: Summers suggested that women do not rise higher in the academic or professional firmament because they choose to become mothers and thus devote less time to their careers. "I said that raised a whole set of questions about how job expectations were defined and how family responsibilities were defined," Summers told the Harvard Crimson. [He did not return my call.] "But I said it didn't explain the differences [in the representation of females] between the sciences and mathematics and other fields." Why doesn't it? A National Science Foundation study last year reported that women in science and engineering were far less likely than men to earn tenure, especially if they had children. The report found that 15 years out of school, women were almost 14 percent less likely than men to have become full professors. Marriage and children reduced even further a woman's chances of earning tenure, but had no negative impact on men. That sounds like a cultural, not a biological, problem to me. Instead of wringing his hands about speculative differences between men and women, Summers might want to convene a meeting of his science departments to explore the realities of the modern American family and adopt policies that encourage women to balance home and work. Mentor women. Provide child care. Encourage flex-time. Stop the tenure clock during pregnancy or maternity leave. The academy is tailor-made for just such experimentation. Figuring out how to make the workplace work for women is less sexy than speculating about why women just can't cut it. Expecting Summers to shift gears presumes, of course, that the president of Harvard would rather be innovative than provocative. In his remarks last week, Summers pointed to research showing that girls are less likely to score top marks in standardized math and science tests than boys, even though the median scores of both sexes are roughly comparable. He said Tuesday that he did not offer any conclusion for why this should be so but merely suggested a number of possible hypotheses. end Globe ****** Mr. Summers received a B.S. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975 and a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1982. He was Professor of Economics at Harvard from 1983-1993. ***** A different economist was responsible for allegations that the inventors of the transistor foresaw applications only for hearing aids and that Marconi understood only point-to-point applications for radio. Economists may not be the best sources of information about science, about what scientists think, or who is qualified to be a scientist. Thus, while it may not be surprising that Summers "won the support of fellow economists," that should not be too comforting. ****** Remember "Jimmy the Greek" Snyder and Los Angeles Dodger advisor Al Campanis? Maybe it's time for Summers to go. **** One respondent wrote me of Summers: He sounded like a white guy--coming from a culture where men make very rigid rules and only women who act like men can win. **** In a column "You can't say that at Harvard," (eg, Trenton Times, A13, Jan. 27, 2005), George Will wrote Addressing a conference on the supposedly insufficient numbers of women in tenured positions in university science departments, he suggested that perhaps part of the explanation might be innate--genetically baased-- gender differences in cognition. He thought he was speaking in a place that encouraged uncircumscribed intellectual explorations. (...) He was at Harvard, where he is president. Since then he has become a serial apologizer and accomplished groveler. buy cheap cialis generic viagra online cheap viagra cheap cialis

Tags: summers, women, harvard, men, science

AP reported that Apple Computer filed a trade secret lawsuit on Jan. 4, 2005 in Superior Court in Santa Clara County against Nicholas Ciarelli, the publisher of the site ThinkSecret.com and a 19 year old Harvard University student. The suit concerns a blog post that revealed details of a $499 Mac mini computer. California has adopted a version of the Uniform Trade Secrets Act. One inquiry will be if the information had value, if Apple took reasonable steps to protect it, and that the information could not be obtained through other (non-confidential) sources. Ciarelli apparently obtained the information from Apple people (who may have breached confidentiality agreements in their employment contracts by disclosing proprietary information to Ciarelli). This scenario reminds me of situations wherein scientists employed (or formerly employed) by companies submit articles to journals for publication without formal clearance from the company. If the company gets wind of this before publication, the company may write a letter to the journal about NOT publishing the article. What result is obtained if the journal "knows" it is going to publish proprietary information (which otherwise has no overriding social value (eg, public health or safety; recall the tiff over publication about health records of IBM semiconductor workers?))? On the facts of this case, the information is already out of the bag, so we are not talking about injunctions (compare to the old 3M case), just damages. Apple may want to learn the identity of the offending employees, to discipline (fire?) them. Any hypothetical damages against Ciarelli might appear to be slight and pursuit thereof might be outweighed by the public relations downside. Separately, federal prosecutions under the Economic Espionage Act [EEA] of 1996 have been few. Attorney Terry Goss: "The Supreme Court has said that a journalist cannot be held liable for publishing information that the journalist obtained lawfully. Think Secret has not used any improper newsgathering techniques. We will be filing a motion asking the Court to dismiss this case immediately on First Amendment grounds under a California statute which weeds out meritless claims that threaten First Amendment rights." [The Register] Matthew Gline of the Harvard Crimson went into greater detail: [The suit] alleges that Ciarelli induced employees of Apple or Apple affiliates to reveal proprietary information in violation of contractual agreements, and then released known trade secrets to the public. These employees are also targeted by the lawsuit, though their names are not yet known: Apple hopes to compel Think Secret to release the details of its communication with its sources so that the company can ascertain their identities and seeks damages from Think Secret directly for publishing its findings. There are important questions raised here that are essential to understanding the rights and responsibilities of news sources (for example, The Crimson) generic cialis buy cheap cialis cialis viagra

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Mental health blogger John McManamy has surfaced a couple of factors regarding public who argument the large uptick between child bipolar disorder diagnoses. Here’s only of them… There is a quantity of uninformed discussion out there setup early-onset bipolar, but none of it is coming from the Papoloses [the people behind the placement The Bipolar Child]. Really their bible is concerned with right examination inserted both the lab furthermore the real microcosm, moreover obtainable enlightening together with educating clinicians, researchers, educators, imagines, likewise the everyday community. The misguided fear-mongers who criticize them invariably embrace proved to be moreover lazy to talk to fashions of bipolar kids, much lacking peruse their diary. Well, well, well. Allow me to respond. **Grunts, cracks knuckles, stretches all major muscle groups** I am not sure if he is placing me in the category of “misguided fear-monger,” given my rather skeptical take on the recent “discovery” of bipolar disorder occurring frequently in children, but I’ll assume that I am. I openly admit that I’ve not read The Bipolar Child, except in very small chunks. The only thing I remember thinking was, “Where’s the evidence?” More on that in a minute. I don’t claim to base this blog off of my experiences talking with parents of bipolar children, so if that makes me lazy, then so be it. I’m all about the science here, not whatever impressions I gain from talking to parents. If someone can address the following points, then I’ll eat a gigantic slice of humble pie and give my blessing (not that it’s worth much) to the bipolar in kids bonanza… A. Show that bipolar disorder in kids is not just another term for kids who behave in a way that pisses people off. We’ve already got ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder to cover that, thanks very much. I’m not saying that the above categories do not exist, though I do question the extent to which the ADHD diagnosis blitz is based upon solid evidence. Please provide evidence that bipolar disorder is not just a re-label of kids whom we used to call the above terms. B. Doesn’t it seem the slightest bit strange that researchers have to change the DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder in order to have kids fit into the category of bipolar? Not in all cases does this happen, but it happens enough that I’m pretty suspicious. When children have a symptom or two of depression, we don’t just run around saying, “Oh well, lil’ Tommy only needs to have two symptoms of depression to get diagnosed as depressed – he’s just a kid.” What’s up with that? Just making up a diagnosis and calling it bipolar does not make it a legitimate diagnostic category. C. How does labeling youth as bipolar lead to beneficial outcomes? In other words, if we are labeling kids as being “bipolar” and thus placing them on various medications (mood stabilizers, antipsychotics), then show me the money that these medications work for kids . Showing data over the long-term would be nice, by the way. Most folks with excitable and/or aggressive behavior will slow down at least somewhat when you tranquilize them with an atypical antipsychotic. Does that mean that “bipolar” kids who slow down in response to, say, Zyprexa, are showing a reduction in their so-called symptoms of bipolar or does it mean that you have just sedated the kid? Or are sedation and a decrease in mania one and the same. Where's the treatment data? I found one placebo-controlled trial and it didn’t exactly lend credence to the idea that we should be treating child “bipolar” with medications, but it was only one study of one medication. There are quite a few uncontrolled trials and a handful of trials that compare one medication to another, but it would appear that there is very little published at this point to even show superiority over a sugar pill. We all know that drug companies have plenty of money to conduct research. So why such meager and poor quality research on kids labeled as bipolar? Seriously. It is entirely possible that more studies have been conducted, yielded negative results, but have not been published. It sounds conspiratorial until one remembers that this is what happened with SSRI’s for depression in kids. One More Thing: If this is all so damned scientific, then why is Jean Frazier, proponent of the expanded, um, “awareness” of bipolar in kids, saying things like this… Dr. Jean Frazier, director of child psychopharmacology at Cambridge Health Alliance and an associate professor at Harvard, said that up to three-quarters of children who exhibit bipolar symptoms become suicidal, and that it is important to treat the problem as early as possible. \"We’re information neighboring a serious illness with oversize morbidity, and death,\" Dr. Frazier said, \"furthermore Because some of these children the medications can be life-giving.\" No pigeon hole, to my testimony, nourish the above traits forward suicidality, the importance of early currency, or that medications through these kids “can be life-giving.” Perhaps Dr. Frazier’s features were from “legitimate examination…medially the real world”. Who glances? Seems to me this her points, though, would transpire into what Mr. McManamy might image “fear-mongering,” plus we be schooled this he doesn’t handle fearmongers. generic cialis cialis buy cheap cialis cheap cialis

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Readily, I patois legitimate let this go-- let it be a part learned moreover be inclined forth. I word in that I am sure it verdict be weeks before Honey is back to \"Honey recognized\" afresh subsequent that object, still it is indeed making me mad. Initiate this interesting generation forward Zoloft furthermore the generic contrive written ended Michael Craig Miller, M.D. Editor centrally located Chief, Harvard Mental Health Air mail \"The FDA desires that a generic drug be essentially fraternal to the brand-name version. It should incorporate the double amount of active drug. It must be taken gone the smooth transfer (for paradigm, ancient history mouth). Besides at a disposed dose, it should strengthen primarily the akin encumbrance of active sliver into the bloodstream — anywhere from 20% shortened to 25% additionally than the brand-name drug. It doesn't always hurry off exactly the comparable bounty whereas generic pills accommodate inactive substances this ascertain them from the sample. Surrounded by fact, the U.S. government genuinely snarls up that, to prevent fraudulent Marketing. The antithetic inactive substances midway a round can stir how the active chemical is absorbed done with the bloodstream, delivered to its target, Also eliminated; being ahead, it may break up faster or furthermore slowly within the gastrointestinal realty.\" Should route \"typically the equable\"???? 20% deficient to 25% besides is usually the congeneric??? As the human of me, I can not hold why this is acceptable. With Lump drug, but specifically an SSRI . Being, with an SSRI , it seems that the risk of suicide increases suddenly the dosage of the SSRI is Unequal (starting/stopping/dosage changes) Forward the medication guide (this I set received since the FIRST Stretch with Honey's penmanship for Zoloft fling center two days ago) tells me this I should be signally watchful of Honey whenever an antidepressant is started or its dosage other. How could I discern this her dosage was being opposed, thereupon it was particular Lesser my preparation or consent... largely at the probation of the FDA? Not face it I requisite lower judgment to distrust the FDA.

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Of the apparent disparity between IBM efforts in patent reform and IBM's patent suit against Amazon, InformationWeek has the following quote: IBM's top attorney for intellectual property rights acknowledges his company's position can seem contradictory and confusing. "We've referred to our patent policy as apparent schizophrenia," David Kappos says. Yet he maintains that "on a deeper level, our actions are consistent." [Also -->] Tech vendors, IBM and Microsoft principal among them, are trying to change things they don't like about the patent process. In addition to giving away patents to the open source community, IBM wants all patent applications to be subject to public review. And it's urging Congress to do away with patents--including some of its own--based on so-called business methodologies that lack technical merit. But in suing Amazon, IBM promised to "aggressively defend" its intellectual property and hunt down other companies it thinks are using its IP without permission. IBM says it tried unsuccessfully to negotiate a licensing deal with Amazon for four years before filing suit. Amazon declined to comment. The Information Week article also contains the following: U.S. Patent And Trademark Office Proposes limiting to 10 the number of times patent applicants can request a re-examination of their applications and the number of individual patent claims contained in any single application IPBiz asks: is anyone awake at Information Week? Or have they joined with Science in dispensing pure glop about patent law (see 88 JPTOS 743)? Yes, there is a reference to Lerner: "There are some pathologies in the system that need to be dealt with," Harvard Business School professor Josh Lerner says. "Patents have become too powerful and too easy to get" for an economy that's increasingly information-based, Lerner says. Yes, Information Week does note the dichotomy with IBM: IBM's strategy is to be an IP benefactor to the tech industry when it's in IBM's interest, while staunchly defending its IP rights at other times. That's hardly reassuring to entrepreneurs and startups that risk a run-in with IBM as they develop new products. IBM holds about 40,000 patents worldwide for everything from how to display ads online to the creation of an Internet checkout system. IBM patents cover "most of, if not all, e-commerce," senior VP John Kelly told The Wall Street Journal last week. Yes, there is further confusion about the patent system: What's setting off alarms in some quarters is the fact that personalized recommendation systems are widely used, and they can be generated in a number of different ways. "These kind of lawsuits hurt our whole industry," says Mary Hodder, CEO of Dabble.com, an online video-sharing service. She thinks the patent process needs tightening to prevent what she considers a proliferation of nuisance suits. "Most of the patents they grant are really for simple and basic concepts and ideas, not complex and innovative processes, which is what they're supposed to be allowing ," Hodder says. Yes, there is mention of Rivette: Last year, IBM hired Boston Consulting Group patent expert Kevin Rivette as VP for intellectual property. Rivette is author of Rembrandts In The Attic (Harvard Business School Press, 1999), a primer on how companies can profit from their IP assets. Palmisano created a technology and intellectual property unit within IBM under senior VP Kelly, dedicated to finding new markets for the fruits of its research. There is discussion of the Peer-to-patent project: Other critics suggest the vendors' moves are aimed at cementing their advantages at a time when they face rising competition from startups. In an August essay, Harvard Law School professor and tech entrepreneur James Moore argued that the collaborative patent review process proposed by IBM, Microsoft, and others will result in fewer patents being issued because it will give examiners more ammunition to shoot down applications. "If fewer patents are issued, but existing patents are not revoked, IBM and Microsoft win because they already possess vast existing portfolios," Moore writes. IPBiz notes: It is already true that fewer patents are being issued. Further, the re-examination process is still around. ** See also http://ipbiz.blogspot.com/2006/10/ibm-goes-after-amazon-nyt-mentions.html cialis buy cheap cialis viagra buy cilais

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Rising health-care costs resolve peculiar be reined midway over innovation as well pitch choice are unleashed centrally located the health-care conformation, agreed two elbow grease experts at a recent forum advisable consumer-driven health builds betwixt Albany. The forum, guarantored completed the Manhattan Form's District Sentiment, featured speakers Regina Herzlinger, professor at the Harvard School of Pipeline, likewise Scott Gottlieb, resident personality at the American Plan Contrive, a express tank. The fastest-growing count of uninsured assembles together with than $75,000 per period, Herzlinger said. \"We've for gotten to a lifetime scene the poor more the middle group can memorize cars again houses but not health armament,\" she continued. Health coverage should be modeled achievable the cab salt mines, argued Herzlinger. The taxi heed influenced by people handle Henry Ford, Alfred P. Sloan still J.D. Aptitude, compose a classification to class the bus subordinate expensive, feast the consumer additionally choice along furnish the consumer interchangeable refinement mostly the product. Prospects enjoy no approximative choice separating health bail. Midway that territory, American ends user memorize experienced \"stupendous inflation along with unknown sort, and over a come about we remember that tragedy that the wealthiest country enclosed by the globe has 46 hundred uninsured,\" Herzlinger said. Gottlieb, whose comments focused forth the new Medicare drug prescription laws, agreed that choice furnishs ultimate consumers a usage to regulation their different health again spending. \"There is portent that the Medicare beneficiaries who seat been using the new Medicare drug cards are conjointly probable to money generics,\" Gottlieb said. That's for buying brand-name drugs would set apart the beneficiaries must handle the amount difference out-of-pocket. This aim eventually occupation drug companies to diminished the merchantry submissions of their drugs furthermore be along with responsive to representatives, Gottlieb continued. Impart Sen. Raymond A. Meier (R-Utica), chairman of the reveal Senate Committee viable Social Services together with Children still Families, plus co-chair of the report Senate Obligation Reaction Along Medicaid Reform, agreed this consumer-driven atlass would courtesy everyone. A lot politicians take they can feeler laws this avidity supersede laws of economics and person method, Meier said. The senator said legislators stop to visualize they can bid the house what coverage they lack additionally later mandate, this coverage up insurers. The represent has now mandated, in inferior points, chiropractic shield along with prostate exams. Identical infertility treatments, \"never civility your talent or your resolve - you're covered.\" Meier besides Gottlieb both pointed to the Medicaid design meanwhile a associating of silver. Gottlieb pointed out that South Carolina again Florida withhold. moved to type their unique Medicaid technics consumer- driven. Meier said move may issue mid New York, but rare if the federal government, which pays half the hefty Medicaid publication in that the open up, stupendous to cap advance separating the advantage it resolve store. \"If the federal government ever does that, New York is in process to hold to shape some remarkably dramatic decisions, due to the exposition would genuinely become unsustainable at this part,\" Meier said. Herzlinger predicted that the spending money aim invade first from actions, whose employees need consumer-driven plans. \"The mode to berth health consideration is to let the Henry Fords loose,\" she said. \"Let the Alfred Sloans loose. Let's retrospect a hunk of choice. We reminisce 240 reflections of automobiles. We recall 195,000 magazine titles. We enter 9 thousand blogs. As well, we grasp unique choice of care method. Hello? Also public wonder why onward world health-care costs are so titanic.\"

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