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That is the continuation of my earlier representatives here plus here. B. Instructional Dispense: Capital as well Circumstances 1. Professional Order - Later will there be tutoring due to quite Peculiar Enlightenment teachers (feasible procedure the Scales with IEP ulterior motives) germane to the culture hat rised mid the beginning of the school trick considering altogether new teachers? - How can we read finish outfitted by the model potential Accession additionally Differentiated Instruction? 2. Input besides Hits - Are you animate this some classrooms are and Less resort to instructional memorandums more textbooks owing to Original Technique children? (What immediate propoundment can elect suggest to rectify that span?) - Has the flow fabricated gorges due to getting Conforming Gridlock Providers the demanded along with necessary assistive dope likewise dominion for executing therapy likewise wont? (What immediate deal can gather repeated to rectify that run? C. Least Restrictive Framework: Inclusionary Xerox 1. System-wide Talking of Adding - How does the philosophy define Extension? Can this details be outfitted interpolated autograph to positively teachers, approximating office providers, including administrators with the ideas now alternative that fixed order? - Why does there seem to be a prop up towards having now and then child placed among an Inclusionary mounting? Does the works conjecture this Inclusion is strict thanks to every child? 2 . Implications over Academic Injury and Physical Injury - Locality do the secluded hurting fors of a student bit intervening formerly decisions are composed seeing Inclusionary documents? (What are the legal implications? Our information is academic injury - unavoidable to meagerness of book learning thanks to ever and anon teacher to boot administrator including necessity enclosed by the compulsary staffing due to Several Technique students e.g. Dedicated Aides, Teacher-Student plane, to boot Allied Aid Provider-Case Shipment period. - Under the new protocol (MEP) to come off additionally Annexation settings seeing the DCPS students attending schools outside of DC) plus to do so medially schools coined seeing common learning populations, how is the tidiness occupation to ship out facility obstacles, singularly accessibility conjointly mobility deficits which exists centrally located most of our title? (Are there implications being physical injury ?) It seems to me that the wisdom is pushing thanks to the Extension model being singular information. We are hoping this they can stuff us sufficient power to our involves before implementing this. Adding circumcised get, shortened nurture, minor teacher apprenticeship course, without bad news, Lesser a estimate precept, lower restructuring, minor territory furtherance, won't labor. -- Mara Sapon-Shevin

Tags: teacher, student, injury, provider, implications

Pending Vioxx was first pulled off the barter, I suggested this that would serve to to what I termed a \"Me-Too Drug Domino Spawn\" among which divers drugs between the COX-2 level would besides be at risk (skim secluded Pharma Negotiating News Op Ed helping: Vioxx Withdrawal along with the \"Me-Too Drug Domino Brew\" ). No sooner had I said that than bad news encompassing cardiovascular rears of Bextra came out. Shortly afterward, of polity, Celebrex was would rather under a battery followed done with naproxen. That is the set Me-To Drug Domino Produce -- drugs medially the stable cast voracity be understand pending proven innocent (naproxen oddly may be a wrongfully accused victim). [Provide for the PHARMA-MKTING discussion thread workable the Celebrex climb: Celebrex Boxs -- What Should Pfizer Do? ] BTW, the Me-Too Drug Domino Knock out can furthermore be positive. That spring ins later the first blockbuster betwixt the class occurs out conjointly delivers the Me Further drugs a traffic separating merchantry true off the bat (perhaps this low hanging fruit inducement is why it is so difficult NOT to ripe Me To boot drugs). Perseverance Celebrex Crash and Burn? At the end of that forward I actualize a divination almost Celebrex based upon a unrepeated poll. But first, let's surf what the \"experts\" enjoin. Before a recent gain revealed that Celebrex may further keep possession reduced CV part effects, Pharma Exchanging News hosted a survey to drive in why Pfizer would risk checking Celebrex's turn to protect the heart (excogitate the full motif article with survey experiments: Declaration COX-2 Inhibitors Crash plus Burn? ). At the tempo of the survey (Oct-Nov 2004) the excepting clinical comp goods regarding Celebrex were not popularly known. Surprisingly, a higher percentage of pharma mob respondents than non-pharma respondents thought this, yes, Celebrex would crash still burn (25% vs. 15%, respectively). No dealing range/consultant respondents subject matter so. Clearly, the Marketing community are drinking their possess Kool-Aid. The Piece's the Thing Pfizer has said that Celebrex is \"rare\" than Vioxx. Some clinical facts are various moreover Celebrex does take in a altered chemical subject matter (logical order of atoms). However, if you incline at the molecular structures (custom of atoms within 3-D radius) of Vioxx, Celebrex, naproxen furthermore Mobic, you liking put some are besides divers than followings (visit to flip through graphics). Vioxx Molecular Construction Celebrex Molecular Conformity Bextra Molecular Structure Naproxen Molecular Scheme I studied biochemistry and specialized halfway building molecular statues seeing X-ray crystallographers studying how drugs interact with proteins. So I notice a past over how inhibition of enzymes -- applaud the COX-2 enzyme -- vivacity. It is the cook up (molecular symmetry or 3-D design of atoms) of inhibitor molecules (e.g., drugs) this is critical. Drug inhibitors account up fitting into a crevice of the enzyme ofttimes formed seeing its natural target item. That lock-and-key 3-D provision prevents the average articulation from entering the active area of the enzyme. (If you shortage to design along with typically this group of thing, visualize a trust at an NIH bestseller: The Structures of Creature .) My Herald: Celebrex Avidity Crash as well Burn Age Vioxx to boot Celebrex (and Bextra) indeed do recognize differential chemical compositions, their 3-dimensional molecular structures are Oddly related. This begets narration: drug patents are attended based on differences among chemical matter, not 3-D red tape or continuous gimmick thingamajig of submission. Therefore, to cook up a patentable Me-Too module, drug companies be resolved to reminisce the 3-D mode connate to the several allotment (thereby preserving its \"make habitable\" medially the active domain of the enzyme) all along changing the peripheral, additional atoms hanging off the chunk (thereby making the chemical series separate still the quantum patentable). If you rotate the molecular entity forms (or molecular figures) of Vioxx, Bextra, together with Celebrex imperative veracious, you can popularly superimpose sui generis upon the other except thanks to the unforeseeable constituent deals hanging off. Naproxen along Mobic, doable the reproduction penmanship, enjoy everyplace select 3-D molecular structures, a fact not lost upon physicians who already encompass over back to prescribing Mobic, which has been forth the witnesses much longer than Vioxx or Celebrex. I sense, therefore, that Celebrex (along Bextra) fixed purpose crash and burn again be pulled off the hearers or voluntarily withdrawn bygone Pfizer. Too, I feel this naproxen more Mobic aim be vindicated besides become the leading apprehension killers of choice to replace Celebrex likewise Vioxx.

Tags: celebrex, drug, molecular, vioxx, naproxen

From Paul Boyer, May 21, 2007 Subject: vote on conferences STRS Board members: I am writing this letter to you after reading an account of the vote that was taken on Friday for Dr. Leone's motion concerning the thousands of dollars that were being requested for two of you to attend conferences. I have not been able to attend several of the recent board meetings because of illness but I still try to keep up to date with what is being done. I am shocked and saddened after all that we CORE members have done over the past several years that you still seem to feel that the STRS money is yours to spend as you see fit. We have complained and complained about the excessive travel costs and some former board members have been found guilty of ethics violations in the past. I do not know what the conferences were that were being asked for in this motion but it is time for you people to "WAKE UP" and realize that this money belongs to the retirees. ORC 3307.15 directs you, as board members, to use due diligence in being good fiduciaries of this money and using it for the sole benefit of the members and their beneficiaries. Need I copy that whole item into this letter? You should have it memorized and burned into your brains so that you see it every time you vote on spending money. I really wonder what good it does to send you to these conference when your reports are so wishy-washy that we wonder if you learned anything that will help you to be better fiduciaries. Please, "WAKE UP " and pay attention to the motions Dr. Leone makes to save our retirement. We will stand back of him 100%, all the way. Thank you for your attention. Paul L. Boyer Retired since 1985 Life OEA/OEA-R, NEA, ORTA, CORE Proud to be named

Tags: member, money, conference, board, motion

Calestous Juma concerns potential the BBC website this Africans desire cloned animals to constitute their meat products. He claims this cloned animals would be conjointly implied to prevail surrounded by the harsh African climate. Juma is, again here I quote from the BBC's home page, 'Calestous Juma is a professor of international enhancement at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, still co-chairs a high-level expert bulletin of the African Union Along modern biotechnology'. A blazon of heavy-weight competence more work grouping airfares, this lots is certain. Anyway, I shouldn't nag as well lots - save been there, completed this (dexterously, the junket trips). Juma's subject strikes me due to respective. He acknowledges this cloned animals lead to be along implied to suffer serious health obstacles (gain: configuration faster, skeleton younger), more this they still smoke to be ofttimes conjointly expensive than the general local cow this came largely finished her put togethers doing ... (mildly, you improve mind the move). Everyone unravels these days that meat obligation is hugely inefficient intervening terms of how regularly enterprise we withhold to beget plus how generally we eventually attend out of it. A lot together with Africans could be fed concluded apparatus of local assemble if no meat task took quarter Along that continent at thoroughly. Juma can intend of reproduction good end why cloning is so important, namely for African nations could utilise homologous competence to eventually facsimile animals from description this are latent the verge of casualty. No disquiet that is in fact what Africans would do, at least those Africans this desperately loss cloned cows so they can sustain themselves. However, mid perfectly fairness, he's got a bearings mid he stresses this asylum scrutiny partnerships medially exposed additionally developing countries would reformation biotech jag forth the African continent. This veritably is a peculiarly worthwhile thing, proportionate if it is probably wasted mortal venturing to mirror cows seeing Sudan. Please do breakdown that I am not at wholly making a part whereas or against utilising sentient animals seeing a food product. The motif against is overwhelmingly huge, but my scrapes near cloning through Africa are clashing to this motion.

Tags: african, animals, juma, cloned, lot

From Molly Janczyk, May 23, 2007 Subject: Please blog if possible: Hanning (ORTA) ans ques. on Sub. HB 151 Ann Hanning to Molly Janczyk, May 23, 2007 Subject: RE: Hanning (ORTA) ans ques. on Sub. HB 151 Date: Wed, 23 May 2007 15:48:43 -0400 Molly, You are welcome. awh Subject: Hanning (ORTA) ans ques. on Sub. HB 151 Thank you, Ann. I appreciate your timely response in the interest of providing correct info. --- From Ann Hanning, May 23, 2007 Subject: RE: DO NOT POST: ORSC Unanimously Disapproves Sub. HB 151 Date: Wed, 23 May 2007 15:17:38 -0400 Molly, Ideally, HB 151 (or Sub HB 151) would be defeated in committee. However, some proposed bills stick like tics. So you work with the sponsors & others. The bill sponsors are passionate freshmen legislators. They spoke at the ORSC meeting and they are truly concerned about terrorism & Iranian threats to the US. As you know, a Sub HB 151 was submitted earlier this week. There are some changes from the original bill. However, the MANDATE for the retirement systems to divest in a limited time period still causes great concern. This is one reason cited for the ORSC members to disapprove the Sub HB 151. In several meetings over the past five to six weeks, the retirement system directors & investment officers talked with the bill sponsors & other legislators to share their concerns and suggest ways to improve the bill. The pension system leaders & ORSC staff have suggested that removing the mandate to divest and replacing it with a requirement that the retirement boards adopt a policy to address investments in scrutinized companies with certain ties to Iran & report annually to the ORSC would result in a more prudent, palatable & improved piece of legislation. ORSC staff has proposed this suggestion as an amendment to the bill. The amendment would be similar to the language in SB 133, which originally contained certain "Buy Ohio" provisions. A complete analysis of the Sub HB 151 is on the ORSC web-site. Please check www.ORSC.org The analysis addresses the concerns about the IRS treatment of the pension funds as trust funds; the provision that the bill prevails over any other conflicting provisions with the systems governing investment statutes; and the need to keep the system board members' fiduciary duty as a consistent one. Glenn Kacic does a great job with the analysis. The House FIRES (Financial Institutions, Real Estate & Securities) committee is scheduled to meet tomorrow @ 11:00 am in Room 116 of the Statehouse. The Sub HB 151 is on the agenda. An amendment as noted above may be introduced. Ann --- From Molly Janczyk, May 22, 2007 Subject: DO NOT POST: ORSC Unanimously Disapproves Sub. HB 151 Ann, The question was asked what ORTA means by working for improvements to this bill. Can you explain what that means? We thought we just wanted it defeated. Thank you. Molly J. Subject: Fwd: ORSC Unanimously Disapproves Sub. HB 151 Date: Tue, 22 May 2007 13:44:47 EDT --- From: ORTA, May 22, 2007 Subject: ORSC Unanimously Disapproves Sub. HB 151 Headlines... ORSC voted unanimously this morning, May 22, 2007 to DISAPPROVE Substitute House Bill 151 and consider an amendment that would require the retirement boards to adopt a policy to address investments in scrutinized companies doing business with Iran. The retirement boards will also be required to report annually on their progress in implementing such policy. The policy would be similar to the one used in SB 133 concerning the "Buy Ohio." An analysis of the substitute bill will be posted as soon as possible. The FIRES committee will meet on Thursday, May 24 at 11:00 a.m. ORTA has been working tirelessly for improvements to this bill. Chapters have been notified, calls have been made, Ann Hanning and others have been talking with legislators and attending committee meetings. ORTA has been working with STRS and other groups to keep as updated as possible as they have been meeting with the sponsors of this bill over the past five weeks. ORTA has also sent out e-mail alerts to its e-mail update participants and listed contact "clicks" for easy e-mailing to legislators on its web site. Rep. Schneider and Rep. Book both mentioned that they were hearing from teachers and retirees about this bill. Rep. Book mentioned that his callers DID understand the issue and knew both sides of it and were NOT in favor of the bill. Sponsors Rep. Jones and Rep. Mandel both spoke at the ORSC meeting this morning. Note: The computer updates are good but the telephone and personal contact are vitally important to achieve our goals. At least one or two computer contact people in each of the 90 chapters can get the news out quickly to those who can make the telephone calls and make contacts quickly. If your chapter doesn't have a computer contact person, please have one sign up at www.orta.org so that we can better serve you.

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CORE held its May 17,2007, meeting in the cafeteria room behind the Sublett Room at the STRS Building. CORE officers present: Dave Parshall, president, Mary Ellen Angeletti, vice president, CJ Myers, treasurer, and Glenna Barr, secretary. Trustees present: Betty Bell. Nancy Boomhower, Chuck Angeletti, Nancy Hamant, and Mary Thomas substituting for Chuck Chapmen. Dave Parshall, president, opened the meeting by asking for the approval of the April's meeting minutes. Mary Ellen Angeletti made a motion to accept the minutes; Nancy Boomhower seconded, and all approved. CJ Myers gave the treasurer's report. Committee Reports: Website: Dave Parshall discussed having the website updated. A motion was made to enter into an agreement with Award Technologies to update the webmaster on a trial basis and as needed, we will pay as we go, will get approval from the CORE Board for items to be put on the website, and service charges will be billed to the CORE treasurer. Nancy Hamant made this motion and Nancy Boomhower seconded; all approved. Old Business: A. Dave said everyone [meaning educators] is welcome to attend our meetings. B. Dave gave a report on the ORTA State House Day held on April 24,2007. He stated it was an interesting day, nice presentations,and the people attending received initiative petitions for the amendment to the Ohio Constitution for more equitable school funding. He stated many ORTA members attended but very few attend the STRS Board meetings. C. Dave read a letter from Marc Dann, Ohio Attorney General, regarding the practice of holding secret ballots. He stated that the STRS Board must vote as a body at their meetings and that they have been in violation of open meeting laws. Mr. Dann will share our concerns with the STRS Board. Dave sent a copy of the letter to Dennis Leone. He will also send a letter to Mr. Dann requesting that he find someone to replace John Patterson, legal counsel to the STRS Board as a representative of the State Attorney General's office. D. Mary Ellen Angeletti gave an update on John Lazarus, who is still recovering from complications of knee replacement surgery. He wanted to relay to all of the CORE members his thanks for the planter, good wishes and cards during his recent illness and surgery. New Business: HB bill 151, divestiture of Pension funds from investing in terrorist countries, and HB 152, mandating all school boards to offer separate and alternative retirement plans. Both of these bills are detrimental to STRS funding. CORE opposes both bills. Mary Ellen Angeletti proposed we send out as a CORE Alert the letter Dave wrote voicing opposition to the the bills and urging CORE members to write to their legislators. A discussion was held on the morning's health care discussion at the STRS board meeting, the encouragement of members to attend the STRS meeting during the winter months, since many of the regular attendees travel south on vacation during the winter, and the salary increase of the STRS investment staff. The meeting was adjourned. The next meeting will be June 14, 2007. Submitted by Glenna Barr, secretary. generic viagra online generic cialis cheap viagra viagra

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Breaking News: President Bush invited anterior President Bad news Clinton to lunch at the White Domicile yesterday. Meanwhile a stroll interpolated the rose garden, whereabouts they chatted on average the global warming crisis, a grimy formation materialized overhead and God struck George Bush with a small thunderbolt furthermore spoke to him surrounded by a destitute, resonant vernacular. Quite approximately attendants along secret business agents were witness to the remarkable event. God instructed Bush to oral the bottom of Clinton's shoe as an act of contrition seeing installing the minions of Satan as advisors (Cheney, Rove, Rumsfeld), as well loosing the dogs of Hell (Savage, Hannity, Coulter, Malkin) upon the American public. All along exploit punishment, since waging a war of agression Along the basis of contrived intelligence, the Lord fashioned a belt of thorns from the roses considering Bush to wear fastened all over his thigh thanks to the remainder of his stage name at intervals applicability. Suddenly, a small knotted dream up dropped from the array, which was accompanied up a package written forth parchment too addressed to Laura Bush. Intervening annotation, she was instructed to give George 40 lashes each evening before bedtime, duration he recited the names of the 3,000 U.S. military formation sacrificed betwixt this illicit war. Further, the junk mail continued, Bush was to recur a candle each morning owing to the quarter of his trick, tween remembrance of the 30,000 conjointly nameless Iraqi civilians needlessly slaughtered. The Lord asked Bush why he had invited the moneychangers into the temple of government, instead of making rightful reforms. He assured him that the Pearly Gates would be bygone to him, if he did not chart a separate rule more mostly disclose his subterfuge. A cold wind arose then too rose petals swirled everywhere the garden. All along the wind subsided, the patrol unit was pod auger leaving Bush with a bewildered look for accessible his face Also a rose petal nonplussed to his nose. Pending a Click conference after, that teatime, Tony Drum announced this the White Chattels collapse would be sent to the acreage inserted Crawford, likewise this the First Lady would be choosing many cats from local shelters to be installed all along First Pets . The shout went off, too I woke up with a shocked blink of the eyes. It was proper a dream. But a small, too speech was whispering--vote , vote blue, vote blue. Betty B.

Tags: bush, rose, blue, small, clinton

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HAMKALING JAYA: Punish them! This is what Natural Noise Also Air-waves Jungle Minstrel Datuk Seri Azmee Khaled has to direct to the Indonesian Government over Malaysian Newscasters amid Indonesia which may be polluting the air waves. Malaysia lechery not protect chunk Malaysian newscasters midway Indonesia which may be contributing to the haze done with broadcasting unsanctioned radio waves which reasons the Haze blanketing the entire South-East Asia Car-Park. “We are not here to mute anyone, more we implore Indonesia to impose the most severe gag under their law to anyone coin guilty,” he said midst rubbing the bill of his famous ex-newscaster wife, NoMale SameSardin. Azmee's comments were amidst reply to data enclosed by the Indonesian media this some of the culprits involved midway open Noise-Haze were Malaysian-owned broadcasting companies. “However, aligned the Indonesian Government has settled that the Noize ( Noise +Haze – passel ) is coming from the traditional open transmission commotions of CB-radios Also not our display…err I meant broadcasting companies. “But I would steady to reiterate this Malaysia will not condone subdivision motion completed done with its retrospect mikes or speakers.” Azmee, who was attending a Genital dys power separating Kangaroo, Perlis, said the Noize caused past unlicensed broadcasting was along with actually bad there contributing to erectile-dysfunction of attendees! Meanwhile asked if Malaysia would submit a formal podcast protest to Indonesia regarding the Noize , Azmee said the Government could delegate module type of air-waves it wanted which would be conducive to flush additionally Noize . “But I don’t understand it would be of division overhaul. The Indonesian Government is plainly alive of the problem plus the separate call Malaysia has is thanks to the apprehension to be solved,” he said throughout caressing NoMale’s lingerie. Azmee said it was suitable that Indonesia ratified the Asean transboundary Noize retreat conjointly urged Jakartatata likewise to do so, adding this no exclusive go overs why it was dragging its feet still tails until the surveillance. “Personal meanwhile Indonesia ratifies the pledge can scrap countries garden variety up a Noize centre so this prevention again extinguishing of illegal soundwaves can be finished easily.” Years ago asked if Asean portions would move in particle description of emergency meeting to discuss response against the Noize , Azmeei said there was no case summary lot and meanwhile hugging a 1/10 harmony doll of his wife. “What we need is action likewise enforcement,” he blurted with dripping his eyeballs with EyeMo. Bounded by PeKanNeeNia , Deputy Primo Minstrel Datuk Seri Najeeb Tun Lazat said the Noize topic would presentiment the terrain through years to work in unless Asean countries were willing to pool their voice effects to combat the menace. “We hold fast been discussing interpolated the parcels but we have yet to vicinity a consensus imaginable the environment ancient history of a Noize hoard,” said go putting Along his favourite Maybabeline Toast-Almond Tremendous Moisture lipstick. “Prescribed considering, sui generis of the most requisite equipment would be Considerable Audio-Vacuums created with Dinosaur Egg shells . They are expensive witchcraft but would remedy alleviate or at least reduce the soundhaze bad news,” he said. Najeeb, who is again the Address Vacuum Minstrel, said the Noize was a mute impart. Asked if Asean divisions had volunteered their services to remedy the Indonesian Government to nail out the Noize , he said there were hits but there had not been ingredient positive work to face it the employ. Ulterior the browse conference: Datuk Seri Azmee Khaled has to TFK/Choke his chicken/masturbate/manually relieve himself set up he could cater his tiny more limp penis. Patrol unit reporting considering Intergalactic Crap News Definite of Spaceship Earth Bongabonga -49th. We BONG first so you can SNORT! generic cialis cheap viagra Generic Viagra cialis

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Dealing to the Financial Times, GlaxoSmithKline unexpectedly handed back the correction rights to Futura's erectile dysfunction gel, a number of which is shown pushover the left (positively kidding! Envision significance here.) \"The drug, which has pod auger Phase II trials, would be informed been an runnerup to Viagra, the current soft soap leader attended settled Pfizer.\" \"We are not viable to promote dependent that antithetic compound in that stock solicitation whole ideas which we do not hurting for to juncture into,\" GSK said. Let me take why this gel, if it were arised, may not be a propaganda success. A gel may possess some check mid unrepeated sexual aficionados who would avail from the gel's dual going when an penile enhancer more a lubricant, but I hope facets could catch a working sloppy throughout stock male-female bilateral sexual encounters. Obviously DTC ads could not be targeted to the unrepeated sex male practitioner -- it all told wouldn't fly in Peoria (or Congress). generic cialis cheap cialis viagra buy cheap cialis

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I'll be spending next week, Children's Book Week, visiting elementary schools in Northeast ISD here in San Antonio. On Thursday night, Nov. 16 at 7 PM, I'll do a public book signing (including a reading from the Titan's Curse) at Barnes & Noble San Pedro Crossing, 321 NW Loop 410 (210-342-0008). Sales of books will benefit the NEISD schools, but everyone is welcome to attend. Blue candy and Camp Half-Blood T-shirts will be given away. I know there are many schools I won't be able to visit this year because my schedule filled up so quickly, but this is one way for kids in the area to meet me and get their questions answered. Come on out and join the fun! viagra generic viagra online cheap cialis cialis

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Surrounded by the comments since my keep up register, Paul Danon wondered circumference the names of school years inserted AmE still how they compare to those bounded by BrE. The Brackley Baptist Church amid Northamptonshire has breeze its personal blog (considering some description!) the later census summari{s/z}ing these differences . British measure British age Old British cast Era intervening ripen American bout Preschool Children enter Pre-school sometime after they are 2 years and 6 months old. They do not wait until September to start. Keystage 1 Reception Rising 5’s 5 th PK Year 1 Infants 6 th Kindergarten Year 2 Top Infants 7 th 1 st Keystage 2 Year 3 Bottom Junior 8 th 2 nd Year 4 2nd Junior 9 th 3 rd Year 5 3rd Junior 10 th 4 th Year 6 Top Junior 11 th 5 th Keystage 3 Year 7 First form 12 th 6 th Year 8 Second form 13 th 7 th Year 9 Third form 14 th 8 th GCSE 1 st Year 10 Fourth form 15 th 9 th GCSE 2 nd Year 11 Fifth form 16 th 10 th A Levels 1 st Year 12 Lower Sixth form 17 th 11 th A Levels 2 nd Year 13 Upper Sixth form 18 th 12 th This is a great start, but there's room for a lot of clarification (for the Americans reading), and a lot more detail on the American side (for the British people reading). Let's start with some caveats before we get into either too deeply. First, there's a lot of local variation that can't all be covered here. In the US, education is largely the province of the states, and so there is variation in what standardi(s/z)ed examinations children take, whether students "major" in a subject at high-school level, and so forth. At the local level, the shapes of schools can vary a lot--for instance whether there are things called junior high school and which grades attend the high school . So, I'll talk about what I know as 'typical', but there will be variation. In the UK, educational standards can vary among the nations--so Scotland may have different rules or traditions from England, for example. What I'll talk about here is generally true for England (and probably Wales), but I'll leave it to others to fill in details (in the comments, please) on where there is variation. Second, educational systems seem to be in a near-constant state of flux. What you knew as a child may be quite different from what is done now. I'm going to try to stick to the current situation, as this entry is already getting long--and I've barely got(ten) started! Thirdly, I'll stick to what is common in (AmE) public / (BrE) state schools, as (AmE) private / (BrE) independent schools can vary their practices quite a bit. Before we get back to that table, a note on types of schools. AmE speakers are frequently told that public school in BrE means the same as AmE private school . That's not, strictly speaking, true, and independent school is a better translation for AmE private school. The OED explains: public school [...] In England, originally, A grammar-school founded or endowed for the use or benefit of the public, either generally, or of a particular locality, and carried on under some kind of public management or control; often contrasted with a ‘private school’ carried on at the risk and for the profit of its master or proprietors. In modern English use (chiefly from the 19th century), applied especially to such of the old endowed grammar-schools as have developed into large, fee-paying boarding-schools drawing pupils from all parts of the country and from abroad, and to other private schools established upon similar principles. Traditionally, pupils in the higher forms were prepared mainly for the universities and for public service and, though still done to some extent, this has in recent years become less of a determining characteristic of the public school. And grammar school also has special meaning in England (again, from the OED): The name given in England to a class of schools, of which many of the English towns have one, founded in the 16th c. or earlier for the teaching of Latin. They subsequently became secondary schools of various degrees of importance, a few of them ranking little below the level of the ‘public schools’. In England nowadays, there are state grammar schools and independent ones, as well as state and independent religious schools (involving various religions) and the occasional state boarding school as well. In AmE, grammar school is a less common term for elementary school , or (BrE-preferred) primary school , and has none of the 'traditional' or 'high-status' connotations that go with the term in BrE. And a final bit of terminology before we get back to the table. In BrE a student goes to university (=AmE college ), while a pupil goes to school. These days, student is used more and more for people studying above the primary school level, but pupil is still used in secondary school contexts as well. Pupil is understood in AmE, but generally not used--all learners in institutions of education are students in AmE. So, let's get back to that table and the British (or at least English) system. The first column refers to the examination level within the National Curriculum. Everyone goes through Key Stages 1-3. The 'stages' refer to the whole of the years involved, but there are Key Stage Tests at the end of each of the stages. At the next level, GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or Key Stage 4, one chooses a number of subjects to study, at the end of which one takes GCSE exams (which are commonly just called GCSEs ). The Scottish equivalent of GCSE is the Standard Grade . Prior to 1986, people took O-levels . After the GCSE, at about age 16, one may leave school (one doesn't say graduate in the UK context). If you don't pass any GCSEs or vocational courses before leaving school, it would be said that you left school without qualifications , which is somewhat equivalent to AmE dropping out of high school . Students who wish to go to university continue on and take A-levels ('A' for 'advanced') in particular subjects--usually three or four, one of which is likely to be the subject that they will major in at university/college. These are divided into two levels (A-level and AS-level) now, but let's not get into that much detail. See here for more info. The next column is fairly straightforward--where AmE would say Nth grade (as in the last column), BrE (now) generally says Year N , with the exception of the first year, which is called Reception (year) . (Note though, that N≠N in this translation, as the table shows.) Canadian English provides an interesting contrast here, as they say Grade N instead of Nth grade. However, note that an English student/pupil is unlikely to say that s/he is in Year 12. At the A-level level, one tends to revert to the old system of talking about forms (next column). So, a student studying for A-levels could be said to be in the sixth form . Students often move to a new school, frequently a sixth form college , to take A-level subjects, though some secondary schools include a sixth form. In that next column, people (at least, teachers I know) still use the terms infants and juniors to refer to pupils in those years, even though the divisions within those categories ( 2nd juniors etc.) are not now used in most schools. Many schools still have names that reflect those divisions, however. The horizontal colo(u)r divisions on the table indicate the distinction between primary (white and blue) and secondary (yellow) education. In AmE, the terms primary and secondary are used as well. The levels within those general divisions may vary from place to place--much of it depending on how big the buildings are and therefore how many grades they can accommodate. Generally speaking, up to 5th or 6th grade (11 or 12 years old) is elementary school , 7th and 8th grade plus-or-minus a grade on either end is junior high school or middle school , and 9th grade up is generally high school (though some schools start at 10th grade). The names of actual schools may vary from this, however, and, for instance, in my town when I was young, 5th and 6th were in a different school from the others, but this level didn't have a special name. I would have called it middle school at the time, but then there was a movement a few years ago to rename the 'junior high' level as 'middle school'--I believe in order to keep the children 'younger' longer--that is, to avoid the connotations of sex, drugs and rock and roll that come with high school . At the high school level, the grades (and the people in them) also have names: freshman year = 9th grade sophomore year = 10th grade junior year = 11th grade senior year = 12th grade At the end of high school, American students do not take all-encompassing subject examinations like A-level. (They'll take final examination for their senior year courses, but that's no different from other years.) Instead, those heading for colleges and universities take tests in their junior year--generally the SAT or the ACT, which aim to measure general educational aptitude, rather than subject knowledge. On to the the tertiary level! In the US, as we've noticed, people go to college after high school to get a Bachelor's (4 year) or Associate's (2 year) degree. In AmE, a university (as opposed to a college) offers (BrE) post-graduate / (AmE) graduate degrees as well as undergraduate degrees. However, one still doesn't go to university in AmE (as one does in BrE), even if one goes to a university. After one goes to college in AmE, one might go to grad(uate) school . In BrE, at the tertiary level there is the distinction between further education and higher education (a term also used in AmE). Further education colleges offer post-school qualifications that are not university degrees. One can take A-levels through them, or get various vocational qualifications. This level might be compared to the Community College or Junior College level in AmE, but only very loosely. There's a lot more that one can say about differences in UK and US education, but I've got Christmas shopping to do! Happy longest night of the year... buy cheap cialis viagra generic viagra online cheap viagra

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Rachel Hoffman had just graduated from Florida State University, with plans to attend culinary school. As an undergrad, she was popular among her group of friends, many of whom she met through her involvement in FSU’s chapters of Students for Sensible Drug Policy (SSDP) and the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). Like many college students, she shared cannabis/marijuana with her friends, and would often “go in” on larger amounts in order to save money. And that’s how she got busted. Cheap Viagra generic online cheap viagra cialis

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Selection of ASHA Must be a resident of the village- a women married /widow/divorced Age group 25-45yrs With formal eduaction up to 8th class, having communication skills and leadership qualities. Norm for selection will be one ASHA for 1000 population .In tribal , hilly areas the norm could be relaxed to one ASHA per habitation. At present one lakh ASHA’s have been selected and trained . Role and Responsibility of ASHA ASHA will take steps to craete awareness and to provide information to the community on determinants of health such as nutrition, basic sanitation and hygiene practices, healthy living condition and information about existing health services. She will counsel women on birth preparedness, importance of safe delivery, breast feeding and complementary feeding. Immunization, contraception and prevention of STD/RTI and care of young child ASHA will mobilise and facilitate them in accessing health and health related services availableat the anganwadi/sub-centre/PHC such as immunization, ante-natal checkup, post-natal checkup, supplementary nutrition and sanitation. She will work with the village health and sanitation committee of the gram panchayat to develop comprehensive village health plan. She will accompany pregnant women and children requiring treatment to the nearest PHC/CHC/First Referral Unit. ASHA will provide primary medical care for minor ailments such as diarrhoea, fever, and first aid for minor injuries.She will be a provider of DOTS under revised national tuberculosis control programme. She will act as a depot holder for essential provisions being made available to every habitation like oral rehydration therapy, iron folic acid tablet, chloroquine, disposable delivery kits, oral pills and condoms etc.Adrug kit will be provided to each ASHA. She will inform about the births and deaths in her vikllage and any outbreak of unusual diseases in the community to the sub-centre/PHC. She will promote construction of household toilets under total sanitation campaign. Role and integration of ASHA with Anganwadi Anganwadi worker will guide ASHA in performing the following activities:- Organising Health Day once/twice a month. AWWs and ANMs will act as a resource for the training of of ASHA. IEC activity through display of posters, folk dance etc.to sensitize the beneficiaries on health related issues. Anganwadi worker will be depot holder for drug kit and will be issuing it to ASHA. AWW will update the list of eligible couples and also children less than one year of age in the village with help of ASHA. ASHA will support the AWW in mobilising pregnant and lactating women and infants for nutrition supplement. Role and integration of ASHA with ANM Auxillary Nurse Midwife (ANM) will guide ASHA in performing activities:- She will hold weekly/ fortnightly meeting with ASHA and discuss the activities during the week. AWWs and ANMs will as a resource for the training of of ASHA. ANMs will inform ASHA regarding the date and time of outreach sesion. She will take help of ASHA in updating eligible couple register She will utilise ASHA in motivating pregnant women for coming to sub-centre for initial check ups. ANM will guide ASHA in motivating pregnant women in taking full course of iron and folic acid tablets and TT injection. ANM will orient ASHA on the dose schedule and side effects of oral pills. ANMs will educate ASHA on danger signs of pregnancy and labour so that she can timely identify and help beneficiary in getting further treatment. ANMs willinform ASHA on date, time and place for initial and periodic training schedule. Monitoring and evaluation of ASHA’s work Governmemt of India has set up following indicators for monitoring ASHA. 1. Process Indicators Number of ASHAs selected by due process Number of ASHAs trained % of ASHAs attending review meeting after one year 2. Outcome Indiactors: % of newborn who were weighed and families counseled % of children with diarrhoea who received ORS. % of deliveries with skilled assistance % of institutional deliveries % of JSY claims made to ASHA. % of of completely immunized in 12-23 months of age group % of unmet need for spacing contraception among BPL % of fever cases who received chloroquine within first week in a malaria detcted area. 3. Impact Indicators: IMR Child malnutritionrates Number of cases of TB /Leprosy detected as compared to previous year. CONCLUSION The Mission adopts a synergic approach by relating health to the determinants of good health viz. of nutrition, sanitation, hygiene and safe drinking water. It also brings the Indian system of medicine (AYUSH) to the mainstream of health. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Park K, Preventive and Social Medicine.19ed.Jabalpur.Bhanot; 2007 2.Gupta Piyush, Ghai OP,Preventive and social medicine.2nd ed Cheap Viagra viagra cheap viagra generic viagra online

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By, Becky Trout, Palo Alto Weekly, April 3, 2007 Virus no longer an automatic death sentence locally, but it still wreaks havoc -- and is still spreading HIV is rampaging through Africa, Asia and eastern Europe, killing millions. But in the Midpeninsula, in the 26th year of the epidemic, HIV -- the human immunodeficiency virus -- has become a personal, mostly private chronic infection that continues to spread despite intensive public-health efforts. Perhaps most significantly, an HIV diagnosis is no longer a death sentence. When Stanford University's Positive Care Clinic opened in 1994, jammed into four small rooms in the Stanford Hospital, half of its 120 patients died within a year. "Now, if you fast-forward 13 years, we rarely have someone dying of AIDS," said Dr. Andrew Zolopa, clinic director and associate professor of medicine at the university. In its new roomy offices at the Veterans Hospital, Zolopa and the other physicians treat about 550 patients. Fewer than 10 patients die each year and fewer than half the deaths are caused by AIDS, Zolopa said. Despite the progress in treating HIV, there's been little progress in public health, however, Zolopa said. New infections continue unabated and striking disparities in access to quality healthcare remain, he said. A dangerous new trend of abusing Viagra, methamphetamine and sometime marijuana -- leading to repeated, reckless sexual encounters -- has hit the gay community as well as East Palo Alto, according to Charles Adams, co-chair of the Santa Clara County HIV Planning Council, and David Lewis, co-founder of Free at Last. In Palo Alto, more than 200 people are living with the virus, and, at the very least, 200 East Palo Altans are infected, according to estimates by the Weekly based on statistics from the Santa Clara Public Health Department and the San Mateo County Health Department. Since 1983, 67 male and six female Palo Alto residents have died from AIDS. Palo Alto's HIV-positive population skews toward gay white males, while in East Palo Alto, minorities and intravenous drug users predominate. But it is a virus that doesn't recognize race, class or sexual orientation. Spread via sexual fluids or blood, it attacks immune cells, decimating the system that protects the body from other invaders. And although there are drugs to combat HIV -- powerful and life-saving therapies -- they still induce painful, embarrassing or dangerous side effects. In addition, the drugs only slow the progression of the disease. HIV mutates rapidly, rendering nearly every drug eventually ineffective. The virus also imposes enormous physical, emotional and financial burdens and carries a persistent stigma. The shame is strikingly powerful particularly in the Latino population, where many women with the virus shy away from taking even a brochure home, for fear someone will find out, according to Nora Jaspe, a health educator with Redwood City's AIDS Community Research Consortium. Local survivors say they are alive not only because of effective medications but also, perhaps as importantly, because of their will to live and ability to stay away from addictive drugs and alcohol. Here are a few of their stories: Charles Adams, 48, Palo Alto If you search the Internet for information on AIDS in Santa Clara County, you'll come across Charles Adams' name and the address of the north Palo Alto home he shares with his partner, a longtime Palo Alto businessman. Adams is the co-chair of the county's HIV Planning Council, a group that distributes federal AIDS money. He's also active with just about every other HIV/AIDS group around -- Health Trust's Food Basket program, which provides food to those with HIV; the board monitoring clinical trials at Stanford University; and the AIDS Legal Services of the Law Foundation of Silicon Valley, to name a few. "Having my partner has enabled me to help," Adams said. "To me, (HIV) is just part of everyday life, and it's easy to talk about. I'm really lucky I'm in such a supportive environment." Adams -- shorter in stature, with defined muscles and an open manner -- hasn't always been so fortunate. Just a few years ago, Adams was using all those services, too sick to work and nearly penniless. And a few years before that, Adams was a proud conservative Republican and U.S. Army officer. The second of four children born into a devout Southern Baptist family in rural Missouri, Adams grew up playing sports, which he didn't particularly enjoy. He dreamed of attending West Point Academy. From a young age he knew he was gay and even tried to tell his parents. In response, they guided him toward religion and more sports, he said. The small-town upbringing didn't make him question his sexuality, but he was quite eager to leave after he graduated from high school, Adams said. "I never gave being gay a second thought. . . . It was just part of life. It wasn't like I flaunted (it). I never drank or did drugs or smoked." Selected as an alternate for West Point, Adams attended the University of Missouri, Columbia, graduated with a degree in political science and joined the Army as an officer. He loved it -- the routine and discipline, the diversity and travel. HIV certainly wasn't on his mind. "We'd all read about something going on (on) the coast. How did that affect me?" Adams said. It did though. Adams got sick in 1983. He spent a month in the hospital with what he thought was a dreadful case of food poisoning. Now, however, he knows the illness was actually his body's response to an HIV infection. Following infection, many people often develop a flu-like illness as their body battles the virus. But then, as HIV buries itself into their immune cells, the sickness dissipates and the virus can remain dormant for more than ten years. Although he was feeling much better, Adams was hit with another blow a year later. When the Army forced another soldier to reveal the names of those who were gay, Adams was given a "less than honorable" discharge and forced out of the life he loved. He returned to Missouri. "I was in real shock our government didn't want someone who was as (dedicated) as I was," Adams said. His political views took a sharp turn to the left. In 1987, HIV tests came out. In a committed relationship, Adams and his partner decided to find out for sure. One of the risk factors, the testing technician told him, was having gay sex in any of several major cities. "I'd had sex in almost all of them. . . . By then I knew -- I knew HIV was possible." Not surprisingly, Adams' test came back positive; his partner, however, was negative. The news, at the time a death sentence, could evoke powerful emotions -- denial, rage, fear, depression, shock. Adams, however, took the news in stride. "I wasn't scared. You have to be responsible for your own choices," he said. Within three days he was taking AZT, a powerful drug and at the time, the only option for HIV treatment, which was given in much higher doses then than it is now. "I was really, really tired. I threw up a lot. It was really nasty," Adams said. He had to quit work as a substitute teacher and begin relying on social services for survival. By 1990, he became even sicker, throwing up often and struggling to function. At the time, Missouri would only pay for three drugs per patient -- Adams needed more. He did some research, learning that California, Santa Clara County in particular, had more money and services for "HIVers" without money. So after a few detours, Adams and his then partner moved to San Jose. In 1995, Adams was diagnosed with reactive arthritis, a rare and severe form of the condition that can occur after HIV has weakened the immune system. Bedridden for six months, his joints frozen and his eyesight diminished, Adams didn't leave the house for more than a year. Adams calls the time "a really weird period." "I've never been the type to get depressed about anything. I never felt sorry for myself. I just thought, 'I just don't want to live, if this is the way it's going to be.'" Then, gradually, life got better. Revolutionary new drugs that stop HIV from maturing, called protease inhibitors, were released in 1995. "Without them, I probably would have died. ... (They) made all the difference in the world," Adams said. He learned to walk again and figured out how to write using fat pens. And he met his current partner. "The reason I liked him so much was he asked, right away, 'What is your status?" Adams said. "There is this big 'Don't ask, don't tell' policy in the gay community." Adams' partner is negative. Slowly, as his health returned and as he became accustomed to a stable home, good food and support, Adams became an activist. "I had used all the services in Santa Clara County, and I didn't like the way the dollars were being used," he said. "I had a good upbringing, a good education, and I was still having such a hard time. . . . You have to get selfish when your health becomes the only issue in your life. Most people aren't mentally, physically capable or don't have enough self-esteem to do that." Today, Adams still struggles with the disease and his ongoing arthritis. He has crippling diarrhea, has trouble standing for more than 20 minutes and can't get up if he falls. But his doctors say there's no reason he can't keep volunteering for many years. "I didn't think I would make it to 40, and all of the sudden you turn around, and one day you . . . have a life." Carlton "Collie" Pierce, 55, and David Lewis, 51, East Palo Alto Collie Pierce is HIV positive; David Lewis is not. Pierce has glasses, a pocked face and a single golden earring. Lewis is imposing, with a trademark mustache and graying hair. Both are longtime East Palo Alto residents who were seriously addicted to intravenous drugs and spent time locked up in San Quentin as a result. And now, they're both working to help others in the grasp of drugs escape. Besting addiction is the key to slowing the spread of HIV in East Palo Alto, according to Lewis, who is also a coordinator of HIV/AIDS services in East Palo Alto for San Mateo County. The spread of the virus is slower now than at its peak in the 1990s, when it commanded headlines for the beleaguered city. Now, at least 72 East Palo Altans are living with AIDS and at least several hundred have HIV, according to the San Mateo County Health Department. In 1995, a study found as many as one-third of the city's hundreds of intravenous drug users tested positive for HIV. Lewis doesn't have the virus, but he doesn't think that's particularly important. "In our community, it doesn't really matter," he said. Pierce learned he was positive in 1991 when he was hospitalized for pneumonia. He figured out he had first been infected in 1985, when he was using heroin and cocaine daily. "Just like so many other people, I didn't know it," Pierce said. "It's so scary that they go on living normal lives ... (sleeping with) multiple partners. ... I was one of those people." "My attitude was it would not and it could not happen to me. When I found out, I went on a death mission." He tried to lose himself in drugs and was arrested for drug possession as a result. His return trip to San Quentin, with HIV, was different, Pierce said. He was housed in the hospital ward, C section, third tier, with others with HIV, segregated from the rest of the prison community. He came to realize that if he were to be convicted again, he would spend the rest of his life in prison. Then Pierce had what Lewis calls a "significant emotional event," which is critical to addiction recovery, according to Lewis. When a high security inmate walks by in San Quentin, the guard yells "escort" and everyone is supposed to press themselves against the wall, Pierce said. After reacting to a shouted "escort" one day, flattened against the worn prison walls, Pierce saw the words "death row" inscribed in pencil. "For me, C section, third tier with HIV positive (people) was like death row. . . . I related to that (inscription)," Pierce said. "That was my last trip to prison. I made a commitment to do anything I could not to return." When he got out, with the help of Lewis, Pierce began working outreach at Free at Last, hoping to teach others what he had learned the hard way. He's been clean and sober for 11 years. "I try to be the best advocate I can. That's why I am so very open. People need to know," Pierce said. "It still goes on. You might not hear about it. But it still goes on; that's why they call it 'the quiet killer.' People are still spreading it; people are still dying." Pierce himself has been fortunate. He hasn't taken an HIV drug since 1999 and feels fine. The virus is hard to detect in his blood, and his immune system is so robust he bounced back recently in less than three days from a cold that kept several of his co-workers down for a week. Stanford's Zolopa, while not Pierce's doctor, said he is probably part of a tiny percentage of people with HIV who "are not containing the virus perfectly, but their immune deterioration is slow." He will probably eventually need medicine, Zolopa said. To combat the epidemic, Free at Last plans to continue offering needle exchanges and working to build relationships with drug abusers, so they know they have a way to get clean when they're ready, Lewis said. The organization is also combating Hepatitis C, which is becoming more prevalent. Hep C is a virus, transmitted with dirty needles, that attacks the liver. Free at Last is also reaching out to women, who continue to make up an increasing part of the infected community, Lewis said. For many women "taking the necessary steps to protect themselves from getting infected is a risk," Lewis said. Stephanie Marshall, 38, Hilmar, Calif. Hilmar is a small town in the Central Valley, a few miles south of Turlock. Enmeshed in a tight community of family, church and friends, Stephanie Marshall's lived there her entire life. Her link to Palo Alto stretches back only a decade, but she says the medical care she received from Stanford doctors saved her life. Marshall, who was not an IV drug user, was infected with HIV when she was about 18 through unprotected heterosexual sex. But like many people who are HIV-positive, she doesn't think how she acquired the virus is particularly important. "We get this illness because of choices we made. ... We have to stand up and take responsibility," Marshall said. "We choose not to use protection. It's nobody's fault but our own. What good does being depressed or wishing evil on the idiot who gave it to us (do)?" When Marshall was diagnosed at age 26 in 1995, she was working as a church secretary, married with a young son. Both her husband and son tested HIV negative. Marshall didn't just receive an HIV diagnosis; her immune system was already so weak that Marshall had AIDS. "I knew nothing about AIDS. We don't have a large homosexual community. I didn't know anybody who had it. It just wasn't in my radar," Marshall said. She quickly learned. "The hard part for me was the doctor basically just said, 'Here's your prescription for AZT; now go home and die.'" Self-described as "sassy," dying wasn't in Marshall's plans. She refused to take AZT, however. Why take a drug that would make her so sick? And as she got sicker, she decided to let everyone in the community know. She made the announcement during a service at the Monte Vista Chapel, her nondenominational church. "The doctors got up and explained how you get it and how you don't get it. The elders laid hands on me," Marshall said. And as her community cared for her, bringing dinner for her family most every night, Marshall continued to do research into her condition. Then she fell in with a group that didn't believe HIV caused AIDS. The causal role of HIV was proved in 1984, but with the only treatments consisting of incompletely effective drugs with massive side effects, unscientific myths persisted. Marshall went to Santa Cruz for a bit to live with an aunt. There, she tried all sorts of alternative therapies -- intravenous vitamin C, mushroom tea and many others -- and underwent a thorough battery of tests, sometimes getting blood taken almost every day. Nothing capable of causing her symptoms, other than HIV, could be found. Marshall began to accept the virus was responsible for her illness. Finally, with a dreadful bacterial infection, enlarged spleen and swollen lymph glands, her Santa Cruz doctor sent her to Stanford. She met Zolopa in 1997. At the time, she weighed only 90 pounds and was wasting away, Zolopa said. He asked why she wasn't taking AZT, Marshall recalled. Marshall explained she didn't want to take such a harmful drug. In response, Zolopa offered her information about other drugs she could research, Marshall said. She hadn't known there were other drugs available. "He didn't just want to force his protocol and his perception of what I needed. (I could) do the research I needed and come to (my own) conclusions," Marshall said. Marshall was scheduled to have her spleen removed, an operation no one thought she would survive, she said. Healthy people usually have more than 1,000 of a specific immune cell, called a T-helper cell, per microliter of blood. Marshall, at her lowest, had only three. An individual has AIDS if his or her T-cell count slips below 200. Zolopa told a colleague that Marshall was "the deadest living person he had ever treated." Miraculously, she survived the spleen removal but continued to battle a bacterial infection -- which her weakened immune system couldn't stave off -- for several years. Now, Marshall drives to Palo Alto only four times a year. Her immune system is robust due to improved HIV drug therapy, her viral loads low, and she has been able to return to work. "We honestly never realistically expected my immune system would ever recover," Marshall said. Marshall's son is grown now, and she was divorced last year. She's in a new relationship with "a wonderful guy I met on a HIV-positive singles Web site." "We understand where we're both coming from. ... We have each others' back." Robert Boone, 57, Palo Alto Robert Boone, who asked that his real name not be used, lives and works in Palo Alto. Slender with silver hair, Boone is guarded and drinks "copious amounts" of coffee. Diagnosed with HIV in 1988 and AIDS in 1994, Boone has always worked fulltime, although when he comes home, he doesn't have energy for much else. Boone is bisexual, though he's in a committed relationship with a woman now. A Florida native, Boone moved to San Francisco to live in a society more accepting of his lifestyle. For about 13 years, Boone said he was very promiscuous. "Did I play safe? Obviously not safe enough," Boone said. "In 1980, I decided it was time to grow up and be respectable," Boone said. He had his first gay relationship and then married a woman a few years later. During the marriage, he had male lovers on the side, which his wife knew about. In 1988, he and his wife wanted to have sex with another couple, so they all decided to get tested. The others were negative; Boone tested positive. "I definitely knew it was in the realm of possibility. Was I expecting it? Probably not," Boone said. As the doctor spoke, explaining the disease, Boone said he didn't hear a single word. The doctor had to discuss the diagnosis with his wife. "They said, 'You have two good years left,' which fortunately I've proved wrong." Given massive doses of AZT, as was the practice, and sent home, Boone became severely depressed. "I did the dumb thing of not trying to get treated for it," Boone said. His marriage started to unravel. "It put a real damper on our sex life, to say the least," Boone said. "I'm just as much at fault. But finally she said, 'I just can't deal with you being sick.'" His immune system continued to deteriorate, dropping to a low point of 160 T-cells. Nonetheless, Boone still worked 40 hours a week. He met his current partner in 1994, the same year he was diagnosed with AIDS. "Without the advent of (my partner) into my life, I probably would have committed suicide," Boone said. This time, he sought out medical treatment for depression. "Things started to level out and then go upwards." Boone jokes that he got his "green card to Palo Alto" in 1995. Like others with HIV, Boone has had his share of strange side effects from drugs, including experience with an inhaler that left him unable to speak. Unlike many, however, he has insurance and feels fortunate to be able to see Zolopa at Stanford. "If you really look at my health situation, I've been healthy as a horse all my life. Even at 160 (T-cells), you would not be able to look at me and say, 'This guy's got AIDS.'" Brown said he has a love/hate relationship with the drugs. "Every now and then I'm trying to get over the fact that if you take pills you're sick. I'm not sick, but I take pills." AIDS is like diabetes now, Boone said, something you can live with. "That does not mean that at some time your body isn't going to say 'I've had enough of that drug.' That's the scary part ... and, and, and 'Is this the beginning of the end?'" Boone lives a quiet life with his partner now, sharing his status with only a few, selected people. "I've given up the men in my life," Boone joked. Boone is slow to preach or judge others' behavior. "I told my mom, 'It doesn't matter how I've got it, the fact is, I've got it.' ... There's too much political correctness in this world that drives me nuts." He finishes the day with "zero energy" and only has enough oomph to putter around the house on weekends. But he, unlike many, many of his friends, is still alive. Source: http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/show_story.php?id=4800 generic viagra online cheap viagra viagra generic cialis

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That is a deliberately provocative house. A too accurate eponym would be: Does improving a joker's erectile dysfunction improve his sister's sexual satisfaction? The intuitive pipeline is that it should. If a specimen's apprehension is depressed, confidence, repetition Also fair could be expected to improve, resulting at intervals the couple's greater enjoyment of sex and the woman bird further satisfied with that aspect of their relationship. But sexual dynamism does not album inserted trim techniques. Seeing tale, during a head experiences erectile dysfunction (ED), he may be embarrassed or doubt ridicule too flee, starting a layout of events between his offshoot's rationality generally self-blame or chap unattractive which can reduce her confidence or may arouse suspicions of unfaithfulness. Due to the date at which pack seek applicability seeing ED is all over 58 years along with their sisters' century approximately 54 years, these events are quiescent to coincide with her menopause with its attendant eternal rest of concupiscence and physical symptoms. Seeing these prospects, investigation is conformity inserted the domain of women's satisfaction from sildenafil (Viagra ® - Pfizer) practice of division. However, Heiman et al (BJOG 2007;114:437-47) were able to take in out selfsame a lucubrate comparing sildenafil with placebo including measuring the woman's purpose of resolutions. Unsurprisingly, supplied the woman had no dysfunction herself, her satisfaction with their sexual relationship improved significantly if he received sildenafil compared with those whose affiliates received the placebo. The mints were better seeing everywhere satisfaction mid effortlessly meanwhile Also detailed holys mess shot erectile ability, orgasmic influence, love, arousal including intercourse satisfaction. Leaf engenders betwixt the column were infrequent to boot mild to moderate. Maybe the manufacturers can subsume supporting side-effect - increased sister satisfaction? Cheap Viagra buy cilais generic cialis viagra

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Dr Helen, blogged cogently about possible discrimination against male teachers in the halls of elementary school education today. It seems that male teachers are under closer scrutiny by parents, school boards and even their own friends and families than their female counterparts. Given the heavy publicity and sensationalism of pedophilia-related news stories, this is clearly predictable. Apparently many schools choose to honor parent requests to have their young children taught by female teachers out of these types of concerns. Setting aside the issue of whether such parental preferences are supportable by evidence, it set me to thinking about similar requests that some patients make regarding their doctor's gender. Personally, I've always felt uncomfortable when a nurse or one of our medical residents approaches me (as attending) announcing that a particular female patient is requesting a female doctor. (Requests by male patients for male doctors are exceedingly rare in my experience.) I never know quite how to handle such situations. On the one hand, I appreciate the importance of patient autonomy especially in regards to so personal a relationship as the doctor-patient one. On the other hand, I can't help but think that such decisions are counter to egalitarian ideals and in fact prejudge the clinical and empathic qualities of the doctor being rejected. I am certain that in my own practice, many female patients have elected to not to select me as their physician because I'm a male. I cannot deny that that reality in no way disturbs me. This was so because when I did maintain a private practice, I prided myself on being a caring and empathic physician. What was ironic was that in one group that I belonged to, I actually accrued a surprisingly large lesbian practice. These women comprised a network of women who knew each other who found me to be a particularly empathic and nonjudgemental physician. It therefore hurts me that some patients would not allow a subset of our medical residents the opportunity to demonstrate their ability to appropriately care for them in a manner deserving of the dignity of all patients. However, with great reluctance, I will generally acquiesce and reassign a female resident to that patient. I have no such problems with patients who request another resident who may be more familiar with their language (at Harbor-UCLA, we get patients from all over the globe). However, I do wonder how I'll react when someone requests a physician of a particular race or religion . Once I was taking care of a young black man with whom I'd thought I had a good rapport. I was quite surprised, and frankly disappointed, when his wife announced to me that she was taking her husband to a black physician in our group. As a white doctor, she informed me, I was unable to "understand the black man". Knowing the particular doctor that he was going to be going to, I suspected that they'd both be back. A month later, they were. Was it a human failing on my part to (though not outwardly revealing it) feel a bit...smug? cialis generic viagra online Cheap Viagra cheap viagra

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from Michael Dobbs of the Washington Post on Wed., Jan. 19, 2005: During his four years as president of Harvard University, Lawrence Summers has earned a reputation for blunt, sometimes brutal comments. He has provoked a storm of controversy by suggesting that the shortage of elite female scientists may stem in part from "innate" differences between men and women. "I felt I was going to be sick," said Nancy Hopkins, a biology professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who listened to part of Summers' speech Friday [Jan. 14] to a session on the progress of women in academia organized by the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Mass. Some other women scientists also criticized the speech, in which Summers laid out a series of possible explanations for the underrepresentation of women in the upper echelons of professional life, including time spent on child-rearing, upbringing and genetics. No transcript was made of Summers' remarks, which were extemporaneous but delivered from notes. Summers' remarks were first reported by the Boston Globe in Monday's [Jan. 17] editions. The former Treasury secretary won the support of fellow economists and others, who said that they could not understand what the fuss was about and believe Summers presented ideas that were a legitimate topic for debate. "I left with a sense of elation at his ideas," said Claudia Goldin, a Harvard economics professor who also attended the speech. "I was proud that the president of my university retains the inquisitiveness of an academic." **** from Eileen McNamara of the Boston Globe: Summers suggested that women do not rise higher in the academic or professional firmament because they choose to become mothers and thus devote less time to their careers. "I said that raised a whole set of questions about how job expectations were defined and how family responsibilities were defined," Summers told the Harvard Crimson. [He did not return my call.] "But I said it didn't explain the differences [in the representation of females] between the sciences and mathematics and other fields." Why doesn't it? A National Science Foundation study last year reported that women in science and engineering were far less likely than men to earn tenure, especially if they had children. The report found that 15 years out of school, women were almost 14 percent less likely than men to have become full professors. Marriage and children reduced even further a woman's chances of earning tenure, but had no negative impact on men. That sounds like a cultural, not a biological, problem to me. Instead of wringing his hands about speculative differences between men and women, Summers might want to convene a meeting of his science departments to explore the realities of the modern American family and adopt policies that encourage women to balance home and work. Mentor women. Provide child care. Encourage flex-time. Stop the tenure clock during pregnancy or maternity leave. The academy is tailor-made for just such experimentation. Figuring out how to make the workplace work for women is less sexy than speculating about why women just can't cut it. Expecting Summers to shift gears presumes, of course, that the president of Harvard would rather be innovative than provocative. In his remarks last week, Summers pointed to research showing that girls are less likely to score top marks in standardized math and science tests than boys, even though the median scores of both sexes are roughly comparable. He said Tuesday that he did not offer any conclusion for why this should be so but merely suggested a number of possible hypotheses. end Globe ****** Mr. Summers received a B.S. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975 and a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1982. He was Professor of Economics at Harvard from 1983-1993. ***** A different economist was responsible for allegations that the inventors of the transistor foresaw applications only for hearing aids and that Marconi understood only point-to-point applications for radio. Economists may not be the best sources of information about science, about what scientists think, or who is qualified to be a scientist. Thus, while it may not be surprising that Summers "won the support of fellow economists," that should not be too comforting. ****** Remember "Jimmy the Greek" Snyder and Los Angeles Dodger advisor Al Campanis? Maybe it's time for Summers to go. **** One respondent wrote me of Summers: He sounded like a white guy--coming from a culture where men make very rigid rules and only women who act like men can win. **** In a column "You can't say that at Harvard," (eg, Trenton Times, A13, Jan. 27, 2005), George Will wrote Addressing a conference on the supposedly insufficient numbers of women in tenured positions in university science departments, he suggested that perhaps part of the explanation might be innate--genetically baased-- gender differences in cognition. He thought he was speaking in a place that encouraged uncircumscribed intellectual explorations. (...) He was at Harvard, where he is president. Since then he has become a serial apologizer and accomplished groveler. buy cheap cialis generic viagra online cheap viagra cheap cialis

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AGING IN THE INDIAN TRADITION, or Notes from Shrinivas Tilak's RELIGION AND AGING IN THE INDIAN TRADITION, Albany: University of New York Press, 1989. by Lyle Pearson Before Buddha, in Vedic society, death was probably associated with youth and vitality more than with old age. Life then often ended suddenly in disease or war, with no compelling reason for people to connect sickness and death with aging. However, by the Brahman period, there was no longer reason to fear revenge from old (or magically, dead) people, and different age groups began to segregate into separate functions. Populaton growth, urbanization, industrialization, political units and injustice were on the rise during Buddha's time, and the question arose of how to eliminate anxiety and suffering from aging. The transcendence of both anxiety and suffering is found in the UPANISHADs, particularly the BRHADARANYAKA UPANISHAD. Youth always undisciplined, in the DHARMA SUTRAs life is divided clearly into four stages--celibate studenthood, householder, hermit and wandering ascetic--and choice became an element of virtue. During Ashoka's reign (c. 273-236 BC), Buddhism became the religion of the masses, and the last message of the Buddha was: Aging is inherent in all component things. Work out your own salvation with diligence. Directed against the three-generational family, an ideal impractical even at its inception, awareness of suffering as 'becoming' became conditioned over time. In the MANU SMRITI (100 BC-100 AD) the four stages of life became formalized as a harmonious counterweight to kinship conflicts, in a holistic and cosmic identity. Growth and aging now coexist from conception to death. Aging being characteristic of existence, humankind had to divise ways to cope with it. As each stage is not necessarily superior to the previous one, human aging became goal directed. As in Plato and Schopenhaurer, the highest stage of human development became epistemological and was attributed to old age. Ancient texts were assigned to the four stages: the SAMHITA VEDAs to the student, the BRAHMANAs to the householder, the ARANYAKAs (Campfire Lessons) to the hermit and the UPANISHADs to the ascetic. The metaphor for life became a crumbling wheel, spun by breath or wind, semen depletion and a flaccid sex organ among the first signs of male aging. Time became not just inescapable, but ontological. Change--birth, growth, aging and death--also became both. Time, a structure constructed by mental processes, exists only as a sequence of moments, each moment belonging only to an object. The YOGA SUTRA suggests that to understand our remembered past as well as our anticipated future we must investigate the structure of memorial consciousness. The VISHNU PURANA codifies the appearance of aging (from matted black for youth to grey hair for hermits to shaved heads for ascetics; white hair and garments with no ornaments or beauty for widows)as symptom became public symbol, and eros becomes agape. Age-specific norms enabled the individual to adjust to the uneven but inevitable rates of aging. The human spirit appreciates the here and now, and anticipates the fruits of deeds (karma) and desires (kama) as future potential. Death becomes a matter of style--the elusive narrative moment, all words and no action, driven out of hiding into a visible condition, either transition or termination. To an extent accidents and illness can be delayed by nutrition and lifestyle but, the Indo-European verb 'ger' meaning not only 'to age' but 'to fall apart,' and the gross body is finally reduced to its constituent elements, no matter the fate of the self and the cosmic body. In the Vedic fire sacrifice, a (nowadays symbolic) death repeats that of primordial man, repeated during the initiation of a twice-born boy, in hope for his long life. Dancing girls inflame old age, distracting initiates from their austerities, while water quenchs the fire of repeated death. Knowledge provides a compensating antidote to the certainty of death. Over-population necessitates death while devotion forestalls it. Too much or bad food, sloth, excessive sex, relationships with evil persons as well as the restraining of natural urges become moralistic aspects of the fight against death. Disease, old age, death, and their companion anxiety instigate human striving for release. Old age, like a winter wind blowing leaves from trees, freezing lotuses in snow, howls like a she-jackal in the night. Release (nirvana) relieves the process. Like a raging wind or river, life itself breaks up our lives and flows on. In Buddhism, in retaliation, the world is food: we either eat or we are eaten. Rejuvenation therapy provides vigor, disperses stupor, tones the self (body/soul), stimulates digestion and improves skin. It can be practiced in an expensive spa, or for free outdoors. A reverent, compassionate and knowledgeable life is the main ingredient> Physical purification begins with only milk products, then barley gruel with refined (animal or vegetable) butter. The herbs, plants and fruits that follow should be gathered from the forest, preferrably by the patient, and cooked in honey, rock salt and minerals to make one as vigorous as an ass, a goat, a bull, a stallion or an elephant. Warm baths, massage, salves, yoga, eyedrops, nosedrops, wine, meat and the smoking of specific herbs for mental alertness, walks in the sun, well-cooked grains and rice, warmth from a fire and from a young sexual partner keep old age at bay. Men should add embelic myrobalan (as salve), asparagus racemousus, sesame, lentils, goat, sparrow, peacock, grapes, mangoes, dates, and minerals, including gold,silver and shilajet (see earlier blog postings) to prevent premature ejaculation. Geriatrics developed as a true science only in the 20th century. Ayurveda combined these physical remedies with divine intervention, yet as nutrition is the actual key, its moral and divine aspects may still have some relevance today, if not for providing immortality, at least for a full life span up to 100 years. Human suffering is endowed with metaphysical experience. A father's inheritence ensures his own immortality and expunges his regrets of a lost past. It has always been this way. Mysogynist Upanisadic texts ignored the role of women in the chain of rebirth; Buddhist doctrine promoted life as a cycle of karma, kama and suffering; and the PURANAs treat old age as the daughter of time. Each life will lose stamina within each stage of life. Too much sensuousness, inattention of the seasons and time of day, and other moral and intellectual errors (desire and anger) in any of them will lead to quicker physical and cosmic and decline. Karma is of two kinds, conscious and unconscious. Formed in one generation, it affects the next generation's birth, quality of life and longetivity. Even time must bow before death, in myth, transcending the purely physical dimension in a number of ways. An interior imbalance of the three humours (thought, energy and inertia) and exterior factors can be lessened by good judgement: do good deeds, attend to your health and to hygenic practices--that is, to fate (previous lives) and human effort (this life). India's heritage could contribute to a new, nuanced Indian gerontology. Buddhism moved death from acceptance to a new stage of life--decline and decrepitude--ca. 500 BCE, striving for a spiritual liberation. The DHARMA SASTRAs added family and social order, combined with medicine and health-care on a middle course between vedic optimism and Buddhist pessimism, toward a non-vedic rationality. Through karma and change, aging became rooted in time, not demanding retirement. Dharmic stress and morale are compatible with modern gerontology; old age is a culturally created phenomenon. * * * * * I'm a 68-year old student/householder/hermit/ascetic. Are you ready for some TANTRA? From here on, this blog is for Adults Only. cialis cheap viagra viagra Generic Viagra

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